Sanitation By-Products Used for Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>L.) Production: Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment  

作　　者：Drissa Sangare Loukou Alexis Brou Mariam Sou/Dakoure Nowaki Hijikata Hamma Yacouba Lacina Coulibaly Naoyuki Funamizu Drissa Sangare;Loukou Alexis Brou;Mariam Sou/Dakoure;Nowaki Hijikata;Hamma Yacouba;Lacina Coulibaly;Naoyuki Funamizu(Agronomic, Forestry and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Man, Man, Côte d’Ivoire;Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment, University Jean Lorougnon Guede, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire;Water and Sanitation Department, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan)

机构地区：[1]Agronomic, Forestry and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Man, Man, Côte d’Ivoire [2]Laboratory of Geosciences and Environment, University Jean Lorougnon Guede, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire [3]Water and Sanitation Department, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso [4]Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

出　　处：《Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection》2021年第10期47-61,共15页地球科学和环境保护期刊（英文）

摘　　要：San<span style="font-family:Verdana;">itation by-products (i.e. greywater, human urine and toilet compost</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) reuse for agriculture presents an opportunity to enhance food security while overcoming water scarcity and fertilizers issues in developing countries. However, the risks to health from farmers and consumers’ exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms persistent in sanitation by-products has hindered their popularity in these regions. This study was conducted to apply a quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the annual risk probability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection associated with these sanitation by-products reuse for lettuce production and explore options for health risk reduction. Risk was performed a M</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">onte Carlo simulation for farmers and consumers. The exposure rout</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es were contaminated soil ingestion, urine/greywater/compost ingestion and lettuce consumption without washing. Results showed that the annual infection risks of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through ingestion contaminated soil associated with urine and compost were typical scenario: 9.04 × <img src="Edit_23087809-01c6-443a-a5a4-d700e0119b4a.png" alt="" /></span>^{<span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>}<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> per-person-per-year (pppy) and 2.97 × <img src="Edit_3581c627-e1c8-4520-b34c-6dbfdf3f6935.png" alt="" /></span>^{<span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>}<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy, respectively, are higher than the WHO benchmark (≤1.0 × <img src="Edit_56f7f561-c618-4f34-a1e9-e0595c06186a.png" alt="" /></span>^{<span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>}<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy). Conversely, those contaminated from greywater were 6.83 × <img src="Edit_cdb779San<span style="font-family:Verdana;">itation by-products (i.e. greywater, human urine and toilet compost</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) reuse for agriculture presents an opportunity to enhance food security while overcoming water scarcity and fertilizers issues in developing countries. However, the risks to health from farmers and consumers’ exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms persistent in sanitation by-products has hindered their popularity in these regions. This study was conducted to apply a quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate the annual risk probability of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> infection associated with these sanitation by-products reuse for lettuce production and explore options for health risk reduction. Risk was performed a M</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">onte Carlo simulation for farmers and consumers. The exposure rout</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">es were contaminated soil ingestion, urine/greywater/compost ingestion and lettuce consumption without washing. Results showed that the annual infection risks of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> through ingestion contaminated soil associated with urine and compost were typical scenario: 9.04 × <img src="Edit_23087809-01c6-443a-a5a4-d700e0119b4a.png" alt="" /></span>^{<span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>}<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> per-person-per-year (pppy) and 2.97 × <img src="Edit_3581c627-e1c8-4520-b34c-6dbfdf3f6935.png" alt="" /></span>^{<span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>}<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy, respectively, are higher than the WHO benchmark (≤1.0 × <img src="Edit_56f7f561-c618-4f34-a1e9-e0595c06186a.png" alt="" /></span>^{<span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span>}<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> pppy). Conversely, those contaminated from greywater were 6.83 × <img src="Edit_cdb779

关 键 词：GREYWATER QMRA Salmonella Toilet Compost Urine 

分 类 号：O17[理学—数学]