New model for dispersion of volcanic ash and dust in the troposphere  

作　　者：Jonas Eliasson Jonas Eliasson(Earthquake Research Institute, University of Iceland, Selfoss, Iceland;Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan)

机构地区：[1]Earthquake Research Institute, University of Iceland, Selfoss, Iceland [2]Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

出　　处：《International Journal of Geosciences》2020年第8期544-561,共18页地球科学国际期刊（英文）

摘　　要：Dispersion of volcanic ash and dust is traditionally modeled as advection and Gaussian diffusion. This is the tradition in treating smoke stack plumes. About 100 meters above earth the velocity profile may disintegrate, diffusion coefficients become rather unpredictable and stratified flow occur. It is suggested that gravitational flattening may be the main cause of dispersion in dust plumes above the turbulent boundary layer. A dust plume in between two layers of small temperature difference has a certain carrying capacity of dust. The corresponding mass loading can be estimated from the temperature difference between the layers above and beneath the plume. Such dust plumes will be forced to jettison a load they may have in excess of this carrying capacity;this may be seen as streak fallout from the plume. In the same time, the plume will be subjected to gravitational flattening to the sides, in addition to any diffusion if there is any. The plume width resulting from the flattening may be estimated from the temperature difference. This can explain the behavior of plumes like the plume from the Eyjafjallaj<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">?</span></span></span></span></span>kull 2010 in absence of diffusion. In the long run diffusion and gravitational flattening will cause different developments of the plume width. Gravitational flattening and streak fallouts are important elements from plume physics not included in most plume models. It is concluded that modelling dust plumes with diffusion and ordinary fallout only;can cause serious errors in the model, the simulated Dispersion of volcanic ash and dust is traditionally modeled as advection and Gaussian diffusion. This is the tradition in treating smoke stack plumes. About 100 meters above earth the velocity profile may disintegrate, diffusion coefficients become rather unpredictable and stratified flow occur. It is suggested that gravitational flattening may be the main cause of dispersion in dust plumes above the turbulent boundary layer. A dust plume in between two layers of small temperature difference has a certain carrying capacity of dust. The corresponding mass loading can be estimated from the temperature difference between the layers above and beneath the plume. Such dust plumes will be forced to jettison a load they may have in excess of this carrying capacity;this may be seen as streak fallout from the plume. In the same time, the plume will be subjected to gravitational flattening to the sides, in addition to any diffusion if there is any. The plume width resulting from the flattening may be estimated from the temperature difference. This can explain the behavior of plumes like the plume from the Eyjafjallaj<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">?</span></span></span></span></span>kull 2010 in absence of diffusion. In the long run diffusion and gravitational flattening will cause different developments of the plume width. Gravitational flattening and streak fallouts are important elements from plume physics not included in most plume models. It is concluded that modelling dust plumes with diffusion and ordinary fallout only;can cause serious errors in the model, the simulated

关 键 词：Dust Plume Gravitational Dispersion Load Capacity Streak Fallout 

分 类 号：J53[艺术—艺术设计]