Degradation of Indigo Carmine Using Advanced Oxidation Processes: Synergy Effects and Toxicological Study  

作　　者：Elba Ortiz Violeta Gómez-Chávez Carlos M. Cortés-Romero Hugo Solís Rubén Ruiz-Ramos Sandra Loera-Serna Elba Ortiz;Violeta Gómez-Chávez;Carlos M. Cortés-Romero;Hugo Solís;Rubén Ruiz-Ramos;Sandra Loera-Serna(Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, Mexico;Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro-Campus Aeropuerto, Queretaro, Mexico;Institute of Forensic Medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico)

机构地区：[1]Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, Mexico City, Mexico [2]Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro-Campus Aeropuerto, Queretaro, Mexico [3]Institute of Forensic Medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico

出　　处：《Journal of Environmental Protection》2016年第12期1693-1706,共14页环境保护（英文）

摘　　要：The physicochemical degradation of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye in aqueous solution was performed using single and combined Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP’s). Photocatalysis (TiO₂-UV), Ozonation (O₃) and Sonolysis (SN) were tested either in a standalone methodology or by combination of two simultaneous AOP’s. The dye conversion was followed by both measurements: 1) color removal determined by UV-VIS spectrometry and 2) organic and inorganic load determined by the chemical oxygen demand (COD). A complete and quick color disappearance of model water waste has been obtained by using combination of non-irradiated AOP’s, namely, O3</sub>/SN, which contrasts to the combination of irradiated photocatalysis with O3</sub> or sonolysis. Color removal with simultaneous TiO2</sub>-UV/SN reached 77% while TiO2</sub>-UV/O3</sub> reached 96% at similar reaction time. On the other hand, the standalone O3</sub> yielded the highest color removal (94.4%) in 32 minutes whereas SN reached only 39.2% in 4 hours. The standalone light irradiated TiO2</sub>-UV reached 93.3% color re-moval in one hour of reaction time. These results indicated that non-irradiated (SN and O3</sub>) enhance synergistic effects that provoke structural changes in dye molecule without reaching total degradation. This is evidenced from FTIR of residuals from reaction mixture in which it has been observed the presence of organic molecules such as aromatics, sulfonic and amines refractory compounds that are mechanisti-cally possible to be found during IC degradation. Also, toxicity tests (MicroTox^? Technique) were performed using commercially available bacteria culture before and after IC degradation for each AOP and their combination. Reduction of aqueous dye concentration decreased the level of toxicity of the treated water which is the main target of the AOP’s but the presence of the remaining recalcitrant compounds have also toxic effect.The physicochemical degradation of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye in aqueous solution was performed using single and combined Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP’s). Photocatalysis (TiO₂-UV), Ozonation (O₃) and Sonolysis (SN) were tested either in a standalone methodology or by combination of two simultaneous AOP’s. The dye conversion was followed by both measurements: 1) color removal determined by UV-VIS spectrometry and 2) organic and inorganic load determined by the chemical oxygen demand (COD). A complete and quick color disappearance of model water waste has been obtained by using combination of non-irradiated AOP’s, namely, O3</sub>/SN, which contrasts to the combination of irradiated photocatalysis with O3</sub> or sonolysis. Color removal with simultaneous TiO2</sub>-UV/SN reached 77% while TiO2</sub>-UV/O3</sub> reached 96% at similar reaction time. On the other hand, the standalone O3</sub> yielded the highest color removal (94.4%) in 32 minutes whereas SN reached only 39.2% in 4 hours. The standalone light irradiated TiO2</sub>-UV reached 93.3% color re-moval in one hour of reaction time. These results indicated that non-irradiated (SN and O3</sub>) enhance synergistic effects that provoke structural changes in dye molecule without reaching total degradation. This is evidenced from FTIR of residuals from reaction mixture in which it has been observed the presence of organic molecules such as aromatics, sulfonic and amines refractory compounds that are mechanisti-cally possible to be found during IC degradation. Also, toxicity tests (MicroTox^? Technique) were performed using commercially available bacteria culture before and after IC degradation for each AOP and their combination. Reduction of aqueous dye concentration decreased the level of toxicity of the treated water which is the main target of the AOP’s but the presence of the remaining recalcitrant compounds have also toxic effect.

关 键 词：PHOTOCATALYSIS OZONATION SONOLYSIS Indigo Carmine SYNERGY Toxicological 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]