Seismogenic ULF/ELF Wave Phenomena: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives  

作　　者：Masashi Hayakawa Alexander Schekotov Jun Izutsu Alexander P. Nickolaenko Yasuhide Hobara Masashi Hayakawa;Alexander Schekotov;Jun Izutsu;Alexander P. Nickolaenko;Yasuhide Hobara(Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd. (Hi-SEM), UEC Alliance Center #521, Tokyo, Japan;The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Advanced & Wireless Communications Research Center (AWCC), Tokyo, Japan;Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;Chubu University, International Digital Earth Applied Science Research Center, Kasugai Aichi, Japan;Usikov Institute for Radio-Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine;UEC, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan)

机构地区：[1]Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd. (Hi-SEM), UEC Alliance Center #521, Tokyo, Japan [2]The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Advanced & Wireless Communications Research Center (AWCC), Tokyo, Japan [3]Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia [4]Chubu University, International Digital Earth Applied Science Research Center, Kasugai Aichi, Japan [5]Usikov Institute for Radio-Physics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine [6]UEC, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan

出　　处：《Open Journal of Earthquake Research》2023年第3期45-113,共69页地震研究（英文）

摘　　要：There has been enormous progress in the field of electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes (EQs) and EQ prediction during the last three decades, and it is recently agreed that electromagnetic effects do appear prior to an EQ. A few phenomena are well recognized as being statistically correlated with EQs as promising candidates for short-term EQ predictors: the first is ionospheric perturbation not only in the lower ionosphere as seen by subionospheric VLF (very low frequency, 3 kHz f 30 kHz)/LF (low frequency, 30 kHz f 300 kHz) propagation but also in the upper F region as detected by ionosondes, TEC (total electron content) observations, satellite observations, etc, and the second is DC earth current known as SES (Seismic electric signal). In addition to the above two physical phenomena, this review highlights the following four physical wave phenomena in ULF (ultra low frequency, frequency Hz)/ELF (extremely low frequency, 3 Hz frequency 3 kHz) ranges, including 1) ULF lithospheric radiation (i.e., direct radiation from the lithosphere), 2) ULF magnetic field depression effect (as an indicator of lower ionospheric perturbation), 3) ULF/ELF electromagnetic radiation (radiation in the atmosphere), and 4) Schumann resonance (SR) anomalies (as an indicator of the perturbations in the lower ionosphere and stratosphere). For each physical item, we will repeat the essential points and also discuss recent advances and future perspectives. For the purpose of future real EQ prediction practice, we pay attention to the statistical correlation of each phenomenon with EQs, and its predictability in terms of probability gain. Of course, all of those effects are recommended as plausible candidates for short-term EQ prediction, and they can be physically explained in terms of the unified concept of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) process, so a brief description of this coupling has been carried out by using these four physical parameters though the mechanism of each phenomenon is still poorlyThere has been enormous progress in the field of electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes (EQs) and EQ prediction during the last three decades, and it is recently agreed that electromagnetic effects do appear prior to an EQ. A few phenomena are well recognized as being statistically correlated with EQs as promising candidates for short-term EQ predictors: the first is ionospheric perturbation not only in the lower ionosphere as seen by subionospheric VLF (very low frequency, 3 kHz f 30 kHz)/LF (low frequency, 30 kHz f 300 kHz) propagation but also in the upper F region as detected by ionosondes, TEC (total electron content) observations, satellite observations, etc, and the second is DC earth current known as SES (Seismic electric signal). In addition to the above two physical phenomena, this review highlights the following four physical wave phenomena in ULF (ultra low frequency, frequency Hz)/ELF (extremely low frequency, 3 Hz frequency 3 kHz) ranges, including 1) ULF lithospheric radiation (i.e., direct radiation from the lithosphere), 2) ULF magnetic field depression effect (as an indicator of lower ionospheric perturbation), 3) ULF/ELF electromagnetic radiation (radiation in the atmosphere), and 4) Schumann resonance (SR) anomalies (as an indicator of the perturbations in the lower ionosphere and stratosphere). For each physical item, we will repeat the essential points and also discuss recent advances and future perspectives. For the purpose of future real EQ prediction practice, we pay attention to the statistical correlation of each phenomenon with EQs, and its predictability in terms of probability gain. Of course, all of those effects are recommended as plausible candidates for short-term EQ prediction, and they can be physically explained in terms of the unified concept of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) process, so a brief description of this coupling has been carried out by using these four physical parameters though the mechanism of each phenomenon is still poorly

关 键 词：ULF/ELF Seismogenic Wave Effects Statistical Significance Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling 

分 类 号：P31[天文地球—固体地球物理学]