民勤盆地水文湿地与沙漠化演化  

Evolution on Hydrologic Wetland and Desertification in Minqin Basin

作　　者：满多清[1,2] 张裕年 韩富贵 郑庆中[1] 肖斌 付贵全[1,2] 陈芳[1] 杜娟 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃 兰州 [2]甘肃省沙生植物工程技术研究中心,甘肃 兰州 [3]甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃 兰州

出　　处：《水资源研究》2020年第5期483-492,共10页Journal of Water Resources Research

摘　　要：民勤盆地水文与湿地演化对当地生态与沙漠化具有重要作用。通过文献、遗迹及荒漠湿地样方调查和分析得出:历史上,民勤盆地水文与湿地演化分为自然水系、半自然水系和人工水系演化过程,从大面积尾闾湖泊、河流、沼泽、湿地到干涸与沙漠化发展,并随水文演化,植被也经历了从水生、沼泽、湿地逐步向中生、沙旱生、强旱生、超旱生植物演化,沙漠化扩展至全境,是长期气候干旱化和人类活动的结果。近年来,随着全流域水资源统筹,民勤盆地来水量增加,在局部地下水位上升与人工补给下,荒漠区形成了一些微域性湿地,表现在湿地区植被覆盖度大,生态正向发展,随着离湿地距离增加,地下水位下降,植被盖度渐低,土地沙漠化仍很严重,生态逆向发展。Through reference, relics and sample research, and showed that hydrologic wetland evolution processing could be divided into 3 periods of natural, semi-natural and man-made historically in Minqin basin in accordance with drought climate development. It was developed from large area of lakes, rivers and water bodies in the Basin to desert environment, with water reduced;vegetation evolution was from aquatic, swamp, wetland plants to xerophyte and super xerophyte species. Up to now, desertification has been al-most developed to the total area;it was the result of long-term drought climate change and Man activities. In recent years, with the overall planning of water resources in the water-shed territory, water- supplying capacity is increasing obviously to Minqin basin, the ground water-table is rising and eco-water is supplying in some areas, some wetlands have been formed in the desert land. Specifically, vegetation coverage is increasing in wetland and positive eco-development;however, with the distance increases to wetlands, ground water-table declines, plant coverage reduces proceeded, land desertification is also seriously and reverses eco-development.

关 键 词：水文湿地 沙漠化 演化 民勤盆地 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]