新疆和田地区水土资源开发利用特征及匹配性分析  

Characteristics and Matching Analysis of Water and Soil Resources Development and Utilization in Hotan Area, Xinjiang

作　　者：徐永波 侯一峰 朱成刚[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆塔里木河流域和田管理局,新疆 和田 [2]新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐

出　　处：《水资源研究》2023年第1期27-35,共9页Journal of Water Resources Research

摘　　要：水土资源是区域生态系统稳定和安全的重要组成和基础。本文以和田地区为研究区,采用土地利用转移矩阵和基尼系数方法探究区域水土资源开发利用特征和匹配关系。结果表明,在过去20年间(2000~2020年),和田地区主要呈耕地和草地面积增加和未利用地面积减少趋势,耕地增长率高达24.02%,且在2000~2010年增加显著,未利用地面积共计减少509.27万亩。期间主要以草地转变为耕地、林地和建设用地,未利用地不断开发利用转化为耕地和草地为主。和田地区的耕地和绿洲面积空间具有较大的差异性,各县市人均耕地面积匹配度较好,而人均绿洲面积匹配度较差。随着社会经济的快速发展,和田地区耕地的不断扩张,需要科学配置水资源,进一步提升水资源利用效率。Soil and water resources are an important component and foundation of regional ecosystem stability and security. This study used the land-use transfer matrix and Gini coefficient method to explore the characteristics and matching relationships of regional soil and water resources development and utilization in the Hotan area, Xinjiang. The results show that a trend of increasing arable land and grassland area and decreasing unutilized land area in the past 20 years (2000~2020). The growth rate of arable land was as high as 24.02% and increased significantly from 2000 to 2010, and the unutilized land area decreased by 509.27 ten thousand mu in total. The period is mainly dominated by the transformation of grassland into arable land, forest land and construction land, and the continuous development and utilization of unused land into arable land and grassland. The spatial variability of arable land and oasis area is large, and the per capita arable land area matches well with each county and city, while the per capita oasis area matches poorly. With the rapid socio-economic development and the continuous expansion of arable land, scientific allocation of water resources is needed to further improve the efficiency of water resources utilization.

关 键 词：和田地区 土地利用 水土资源 匹配系数 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]