药剂对蔬菜斑潜蝇（双翅目：潜蝇科）之冈崎釉小蜂与底比斯釉小蜂（膜翅目：釉小蜂科）之影响  

Effect of Insecticides on Closterocerus Okazakii and Chrysoncharis Pentheus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Parasitoids of Liriomyza Sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

作　　者：錢景秦(Ching-Chin Chien) 張淑貞(Shu-Chen Chang) 

出　　处：《台灣農業研究》

摘　　要：冈崎釉小蜂［Closterocerus okazakii（Kamijo）］与底比斯釉小蜂［Chrysoncharis penthesu （Walker）］在台湾是蔬菜斑潜蝇（Liriomyza sativae Blanchard）之重要本地种寄生蜂。本文以药剂浸渍带有寄生蜂与仅带有斑潜蝇豆叶之方法，於室内测试欧杀灭（oxamyl SL）、阿巴汀（abamectin EC）及赛灭净（cyromazine SL, WP）等药剂，对二种寄生蜂未成熟期与成虫期之影响。结果得知上述三种药剂虽对二种寄生蜂之未成熟期（卵、幼虫及蛹期）均无显着毒害，但对其成虫期则均具显着毒害。成蜂各接触三种药剂24小时，其间雌与雄蜂之存活率，仅阿巴汀降低冈崎釉小蜂各62.9与7.1％，欧杀灭降低底比斯釉小蜂各36.0与7.0％，其余药剂对寄生蜂无影响、或仅降低4.0－8.2％；生殖力方面，三种药剂中以阿巴汀与赛灭净对二种寄生蜂之抑制力较大，达75.0－87.7％，欧杀灭次之达50.6－58.3％。成蜂各接触三种药剂24小时後，继之供以未经药剂处理之寄主斑潜蝇，观察对二种寄生蜂之雌蜂寿命、雄蜂寿命、子代成蜂数及致死寄主数等，均以阿巴汀毒效最大，各减少79.0－94.6％、61.7－67.5％、100及99.8％－100％。其他药剂则依蜂种而定，在冈崎釉小蜂测试中，仅赛灭净二剂型减少该蜂23.8％子代成蜂数，欧杀灭降低该蜂30.2％子代雌性比；底比斯釉小蜂测试中，欧杀灭与赛灭净二剂型均减少该蜂42.4－52.5％子代成蜂数与21.9－34.5％致死寄主数。三种药剂分别与冈崎釉小蜂或底比斯釉小蜂并用对斑潜蝇之致死率，比单独使用冈崎釉小蜂或底比斯釉小蜂各增加0.6与1.5倍。阿巴汀与二种寄生蜂皆不相容，欧杀灭与底比斯釉小蜂不相容，仅赛灭净与二种寄生蜂较为相容。慎选赛灭净防治蔬菜斑潜蝇，冈崎釉小蜂与底比斯釉小蜂即可获得较佳的保育。Closterocerus okazakii (Kamijo) and Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) are important native parasitoids of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard in Taiwan. In this study, seedlings of field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. communis Aeschers) infested with parasitoids or L. sativae were used to determine effect of insecticides (oxamyl SL, abamectin EC, cyromazine SL, and cyromazine WP) on C. okazakii and C. pentheus at different development stages under laboratory conditions. Results showed that all the three tested insecticides had a significant (p ＜ 0.05) lethal effect on C. okazakii and C. pentheus in adult stage but no lethal effect on other development stages (egg, larva and pupa). When adult wasps were treated with insecticides for 24 hours, survival rates of female and male decreased by 62.9 and 7.1%, respectively, for abamectin in C. okazakii, 36.0 and 7.0%, respectively, for oxamyl in C. pentheus, whereas the others had no significant effects with decreased survival rates or significantly decreased by 4.0-8.2% only. The progeny of these two species of parasitoids decreased by 75.0-87.7% after the treatment of adults with either abamectin or cyromazine for 24 hours, and 50.6-58.3% by the treatment of adults with oxamyl. Among the three insecticides tested, abamectin was the most toxic insecticide for both parasitoid species. When adult wasps were treated with abamectin for 24 hours and released on untreated bean seedlings infested with hosts daily, the longevity of female wasps, longevity of male wasps, number of wasp progeny, and number of L. sativae killed by wasps decreased by 79.0-94.6, 61.7-67.5, 100 and 99.8-100%, respectively. In C. okazakii, treatment of adult wasps with both formulations of cyromazine resulted in 23.8% reduction of wasp progeny and treatment of adult wasps with oxamyl resulted in 30.2% reduction of female proportion. In C. pentheus, treatment of adult wasps with both formulations of cyromazine or oxamyl resulted in 42.4-52.5% reduction of wasp progeny and 21.9-34.5% reduction in the number of ho

关 键 词：蔬菜斑潛蠅 岡崎釉小蜂 底比斯釉小蜂 藥劑 蟲期