血液库存预警体系的建立与应急措施  

Establishment of blood inventory warning system and emergency measures

作　　者：张颖 詹伟波 黄彦 符雪丽 叶翠清 

机构地区：[1]茂名市中心血站,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《广州医科大学学报》2018年第1期51-53,共3页Academic Journal of Guangzhou Medical University

摘　　要：目的:探讨医院血液库预警体系的建立及应急措施,指导临床合理用血。方法:取2016年3月-2016年8月医院血库建立血液库存预警体系作为研究对象,设定科学合理的血液库存量,建立三级库存预警机制,根据血液库存量数据包含日常基础用量(含日常储备量、重大手术及可预测用量等)及突发事件紧急用量两部分建立相应的预警体系,根据每一级机制制定相应的应急措施。结果:2016年共分为三个阶段建立血库预警机制,每个阶段预警12至13天,该时间段共有873名应急献血者,共获得献血量199 400 m L;2016年全年我血库对于O型血需求量较大,其次为A型血,对于AB型血需求量最少;根据医院每天需要血下限设定血站血库的安全库存量,A型血为701U、B型血为672U、O型血为1213U、AB型血为162U;根据医院每天需要用血下限及安全库存量,血站设定血液血库三级警戒线,通过三级警戒线能满足99%1 d急救用血及95%1 d手术用血量。结论:血液库存预警体系的建立能减少血液过期报废率及库存不足告急频率,保证血液库存保持在稳定状态,提高了血液供应应对能力。Objective: To explore the the value of a warning system for blood bank inventory and emergency measures for blood supply in a hospital,so as to guide the rational use of blood in clinical settings. Methods:From March 2016 to August 2016,we established a blood inventory warning system for a hospital blood bank,determined with scientific and reasonable considerations on the blood inventory,and established a 3-level inventory warning mechanism. The blood inventory warning system was established according to blood inventory data[daily basic use( including daily reserve,major operations,and predictable blood use) and emergency blood use]. The emergency measures were developed related to each level of warning mechanism. Results: In this study,the blood bank inventory warning system was established in three phases in 2016. Each phase had a 12-day warning period. There were 873 blood donors in all periods,contributing a total of 199400 m L blood. For the whole year of 2016,the blood bank demand was greatest for type B,least for type AB,and less for type A blood.The safety inventory for the blood bank was set as 36 U for type A,48 U for type B,43 U for type O,and 12 U for type AB blood. The 3-level inventory warning mechanism set according to the lower limit of hospital's daily blood use and safety inventory may accommodate for emergency blood use 99% of times and for surgical blood use 95%of times in a full day. Conclusion: The establishment of the blood inventory warning system may reduce the rate of expired blood and the frequency of inventory shortages,ensure stable blood inventory,and improve the logistics of blood supply.

关 键 词：血液库预警体系 应急措施 报废率 血液库存量 

分 类 号：R457[医药卫生—治疗学]