supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300702);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)(KJYQ201902,KJJQ201803).
In addition to sperm,some accessory substances transferred to females during copulation act as nuptial gifts by passing on valuable nutrients in many insect species.The nutritional status of the males can thus have a ...
In butterflies, male reproductive success is highly related to the quality and the size of the spermatophore transferred to the female. The spermatophore is a capsule produced by the male during copulation, which in m...