supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179066,51804173,and 11674186);the National Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MA073);the Science and Technology Board of Qingdao(16-5-1-2jch);Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Discovery grant RGPIN-04178;the Canada First Research Excellence Fund。
Interfacial space charge storage between ionic and electronic conductor is a promising scheme to further improve energy and power density of alkali metal ion batteries(AMIBs).However,the general behavior of space char...