supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB13040100 to S.X.);Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SYS009 to S.X.)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(91731303,31525014,31961130380 and 31771388 to S.X.;31501011 to Y.L.;31771389 to Y.Y.(Yuan Yuan);81522014 to Z.J.;31871256and 31601046 to H.L.;31460286,31660307 and 31260252to L.K.);the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(16XD1404700 to S.X.);the UK Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship(NAF\R1\191094 to S.X.);the National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0906403 to S.X.;2017YFA0105300 to Z.J.;2016YFF0202301 to Y.Y.(Yajun Yang));Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01 to S.X.);Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM,19YF1455200to L.D.; 16YF1413900 to H.L.);NSFC Research Fund for International Young Scientists(31850410477 to A.K.);CAS President’s International Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers(2016 PB036 to A.K.);S.X.is Max-Planck Independent Research Group Leader and member of CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association;supported by the National Program for Top-notch Young Innovative Talents of the ‘Wanren Jihua’ Project;the UK Royal Society-Newton Mobility Grants(IE160943 to S.X.)
Human genetic adaptation to high altitudes(>2500 m)has been extensively studied over the last few years,but few functional adaptive genetic variants have been identified,largely owing to the lack of deep-genome sequen...