Chemical defenses are frequently accompanied by salient color patterns actively avoided by predators,a phe-nomenon referred to as aposematism.However,the production of both chemical defenses and pigments is costly,and...
This research was funded by the Federal Ministry of Environmental Protection and Tourism in Sarajevo(grant to ES,grant ID:04-23-1105-IV/16-65-1);by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Flandres through a Ph.D.fellowship(to GDM,grant ID:1144118N).
Amphibians produce defensive chemicals which provide protection against both predators and infections.Within species,populations can differ considerably in the composition and amount of these chemical defenses.Studyin...