supported by National Key Research and Develop-ment Program of China(No.2017YFC1403500 to JL);National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31911540468 and 31672316 to DL);non-profit Foundation of Marine Environment and Ecological Conservation of CNOOC(CF-MEEC/TR/2020-20 to ZZ);Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(2019-MS-154 to DL).
Background:Animals need to adjust their vigilance strategies when foraging between physically contrasting veg-etated and non-vegetated habitats.Vegetated habitats may pose a greater risk for some if vegetation charact...