Objective:To evaluate the impact of freezing–thawing on the human sperm head vacuoles and the potential value of motile sperm organelle morphology examination for selection of frozen-thaw spermatozoa.Methods: In 30 s...
Sperm of poor quality may affect syngamy after fertilization, embryo development up to the blastocyst stage and reproductive outcome. Subsequently, sperm selection based on morphological characteristics and sperm DNA ...