supported by funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant Agreement No.787539);The computational resources of this work were supported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)and Compute Canada(Job Grant No.pve-323-ac);Part of the experimental system is covered by a patent(No.1000183285,2013,INPI-France);The FLASH software used was developed,in part,by the DOE NNSA ASC-and the DOE Office of Science ASCR-supported Flash Center for Computational Science at the University of Chicago;We thank J.L.Dubois for providing us EOS and opacities.The research leading to these results is supported by Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP)Phase II,a project co-financed by the Romanian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund,and by the Project No.ELIRO-2020-23 funded by IFA(Romania);IHT RAS team members are supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(State Assignment No.075-00460-21-00);The study reported here was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,Project No.19-32-60008.
Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe and are held responsible for the production of nonthermal particles and high-energy radiation.In the absence of particle collisions in the system,theory shows that t...