financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021qntd13);the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515010021)。
Forward osmosis(FO)as an energy-saving membrane process has attracted much attention in food concentration,water treatment,and desalination.Thin film composite(TFC)membrane is the most popular FO membrane,but it suffe...