supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11274356,No.11274359,and No.11422428);the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB07000000);the National 973 program of China (Grant No.2011CBA00108 and No.2013CB921700) sponsored by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology;support by DOE under Cooperative Agreement No.DE-NA0001982
Carbon is extremely versatile in its ability to form a rich variety of allotropes with a wide range of fascinating properties.At ambient conditions graphite is the thermodynamically most stable carbon allotrope,and ma...