At present,we are in the noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum era of quantum information science and technology[1],in which there are relatively large numbers of qubits with noise.For instance,the error rate of current su...
This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304303);the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11925404 and 11874235,11874342 and 11922411);Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY130200);a grant from the Institute for Guo Qiang(No.2019GQG1024),Tsinghua University.
Quantum information is vulnerable to environmental noise and experimental imperfections,hindering the reli-ability of practical quantum information processors.Therefore,quantum error correction(QEC)that can pro-tect q...