清代瞿昙寺大国师等名号的册封与废除  

The Conferment and Revocation of Titles like the “Great Guoshi” in Qutan Monastery in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：聂红萍[1,2] NIE Hong-ping(School of History and Culture,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730020)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院 [2]兰州大学青藏高原人文环境研究中心,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期156-166,共11页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“清朝西北边疆治理与国家安全研究”(项目编号:16BZS101);兰州大学“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”项目“康熙末年清朝驱准入藏研究”(项目编号:21lzujbkydx054)阶段性成果

摘　　要：顺治十年(1653),西宁卫瞿昙寺上层喇嘛入京朝觐,清朝沿袭明朝制度,敕封公葛丹净为灌顶净觉弘济大国师、札失欢着尔为灌顶广济弘善国师、拉思俄卓尔为都纲,同时颁发了保护寺院人口和财产的敕谕。康熙三十七年(1698),公葛丹净之孙官著图思多荣进承袭灌顶净觉弘济大国师名号。顺治、康熙两朝将瞿昙寺作为西宁寺院的代表,和明代相比,瞿昙寺的政治、经济地位并无下降。雍正五年(1727),清朝收缴了瞿昙寺的大国师、国师、都纲等敕印,并将寺院所属部落、土地改归地方官管理。雍正七年(1729),瞿昙寺前国师梅总注藏卜企图恢复国师名号与管束部落的特权,被清朝处罚监禁于兰州。乾隆十二年(1747),清朝在甘肃藏传佛教寺院设立都纲、僧纲、僧正职衔,瞿昙寺仅获第二等的僧纲。瞿昙寺成为西宁地区众多寺院中的普通一员,已经没有顺治、康熙时期的显赫地位,反映了该寺影响力下降和清朝对青海西宁地区统治加强的事实。In 1653,during the tenth year of Shunzhi’s reign,upper class lamas from Qutan Monastery located in Xi Ning went to Beijing to meet Emperor Shunzhi.Following the precedent system of the Ming Dynasty,the Qing Dynasty appointed gun dga’bstan’dzin asjingjuehongji Great guoshifor initiation,bkra shis lhun grubas guangji hongshan Great guoshi for initiation,lha sras’od’groas dugang,and issued them a decree to protect the population and property of the monastery.During the reign of Emperor Shunzhi and Kangxi,as a representative monastery in Xining,Qutan Monastery’s political and economic status had not declined compared with the Ming Dynasty.In 1727 during the fifth year of Yongzheng’s reign,the Qing Dynasty confiscated seals of Great guoshi,guoshi and dugang belonging to Qutan Monastery,as well as orderedthe tribes and land belongings to the monastery be reverted to the management of local officials.In 1698 during th thirty-seventh year of Kangxi’s reign,gun mkhyen thugs sras bde’byung,who is gun dga’bstan’dzin’s grandson,inherited jingjuehongji Great guoshifor initiation.In 1729 during the seventh year of Yongzheng’s reign,attempting to restore the title of guoshi and the privilege of controlling the tribes,me sgron bzang bo,former guoshi of Qutan Monastery,was punished by the Qing Dynasty and imprisoned in Lanzhou.In 1747 during the 12 th year of Qianlong’s reign,the Qing Dynasty appointed various positions such as dugang,senggang and sengzheng in Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in Gansu,while Qutan Monastery only received the second-class senggang.Consequently,Qutan Monastery,losing its prominent position in the reign of Emperor Shunzhi and Kangxi,became an ordinary one among many monasteries in Xining area,which reflected the fact that the monastery’s influence being declined and the Qing Dynasty had strengthened its rule in Xining,Qinghai Province.

关 键 词：清代 青海 瞿昙寺 藏传佛教 大国师 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]