汉、藏共享的文化符号:文成公主传说在拉萨、打箭炉地区的族际流动  

Cultural Symbols Shared by the Han and Ethnic Tibetans:Princess Wen Cheng’s Inter-ethnic Mobility in Lhasa and Dartsedo

作　　者：刘欢 LIU Huan(Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期52-60,共9页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金专项研究项目“历史经验与铸牢中华民族共同体意识——中华民族共同体的形成和发展研究”(项目编号:20VMZ001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文成公主是唐王朝的公主,在藏族的视野中代表着中原文化,但她又是吐蕃赞普的妻子,被藏族民众视为度母,具有神圣性。文成公主的这种人物特征使其具备了联结汉、藏的天然条件。文成公主的传说首先在藏文语境中产生,清代以后,随着拉萨、打箭炉等地汉族移民的增多,双方互动进一步深入,这一传说逐渐流传到汉族移民群体之中,文成公主随之成为双方共享的文化符号。文成公主传说流传到汉族群体以后的发展情况,可以从吸收和改造两个层面来审视。在吸收阶段,藏文语境中的文成公主故事被汉族接受、传播。这一阶段传说的内容与藏文语境中的基本相同,这一表现以拉萨地区流行的传说最为突出;在改造阶段,汉族移民根据自身的文化语境及社会需求,对原有文成公主传说进行了转化和改造,发展出"唐三藏师徒取经图""尉迟敬德军器"和"公主桥"等传说。文成公主传说的族际流动,是汉、藏两个民族双方深度和谐互动的结果,对于挖掘和阐释中华民族共同体意识形成的历史过程有重要意义。Princess Wen Cheng is a princess of the Tang Dynasty who represents the Central Plains culture in the vision of the Tibetans,but as she is the wife of the Tubo Tsempo,she is regarded as the Tara by the Tibetan general public and embedded with holiness.This personal characteristics of Princess Wen Cheng makes herself to become natural connection between the Han and Tibetans.The legend of Princess Wen Cheng first emerged in the Tibetan context.After the Qing Dynasty,With the increase of Han immigrants in regions including Lhasa and Dartsedo,the interaction between the two enhanced and this legend gradually spread among the Han immigrants.Princess Wen Cheng then became a cultural symbol shared between both the Han and Tibetans.The development of the legend of Princess Wen Cheng after spreading to the Han group can be examined from two perspectives of absorption and transformation.During the absorption stage,the story of Princess Wen Cheng in the Tibetan context was accepted and spread by the Han group.The content of the legend in this stage is basically the same as that in the Tibetan context,which was most highlighted by the legends popularly available in Lhasa region.In the transformation stage,based on their own cultural context and social needs,the Han immigrants transformed and developed the already existed legend of Princess Wen Cheng into other legendary stories such as“monk Tang Sanzang and his disciples’journey for seek Buddhist scriptures”,“Yuchi Jingde military weapon”and“bridge of the Princess”.The legendary inter-ethnic mobility of Princess Wen Cheng is the result of profound and harmonious interaction between the Han and Tibetans,which is of great significance for exploring and explaining the historical process of the formation of the sense of the Chinese national community.

关 键 词：文成公主传说 族际流动 文化共享 中华民族共同体意识 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]