在线诉讼质证制度的反思与重塑  

Rethinking and Reshaping the Online Litigation Cross-Examination System

作　　者：丁朋超 Ding Pengchao

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学法治与经济发展研究所 [2]广东财经大学法学院 [3]复旦大学

出　　处：《中山大学法律评论》2022年第1期165-192,共28页Sun Yatsen University Law Review

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“互联网法院庭审制度优化研究”(编号:GD20XFX08)的阶段性研究成果;2022年度广东省普通高校创新团队项目“智慧法治研究团队”(编号:2022WCXTD008)的资助

摘　　要：通过对既有在线诉讼质证方法的现状考察发现,我国在线诉讼制度存在质证形式化、诉讼参与人独立性存疑、法官心证形成受限以及异步质证对直接言词原则存在冲击等问题。未依循新型的庭审理念、简陋的审前准备程序、法官及诉讼参与人未重视特有技术的应用是该问题的成因。我国应将集中审理原则明确为在线诉讼质证的基本原则,同时对直接言词原则予以重塑;我国应在区分在线诉讼同步质证与异步质证的基础上,根据两种质证方式的不同特点对具体制度予以分别设计。就具体制度要点而言,同步质证规则应注重保障证人证言的独立性和激发质证制度对争点整理的效用;异步质证规则应将功能定位设定为对集中审理理念的落实,规则效用应体现为善用科技手段实现争点引领下质证方法的智能化和简速化。By investigating the current situation of the online litigation method,it is found that the online litigation system in China has some problems,such as the formulaic of cross evidence,the suspicious independence of participants,the limited formation of judges’heart evidence,and the impact of asynchronous cross-evidence on the principle of direct words.Failure to follow the new trial concepts,poor pre-trial preparation procedures,judges and litigants not paying attention to the application of unique techniques are the causes of this problem.The principle of centralized trial should be clearly defined as the basic principle of online forensic evidence,and the principle of direct verbal trial should be reformulated.At the same time,on the basis of distinguishing synchronous and asynchronous cross-examination in online litigation,the specific system is designed respectively according to the different characteristics of the two cross-examination methods.In terms of the main points of the specific system,the synchronous cross-examination rules should pay attention to guarantee the independence of witness testimony and stimulate the effectiveness of the cross-examination system for contention.The function of async hronous cross-examination rules should be set as the implementation of the concept of centralized trial,and the utility of rules should be reflected as making good use of scientific and technological means to realize the intellectualization and simplification of CrOSs-examination methods under the guidance of contention points.

关 键 词：在线诉讼 异步质证 同步质证 争点整理 集中审理 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]