全球水资源治理的比较与借鉴:体制、机制与工具  

A Comparative Study on Worldwide Water Governance: Governance System,Mechanism and Tools

作　　者：李海明[1] 吕阳[1] 范世炜 刘骊光[1] Li Haiming;LV Yang;FAN Shiwei;LIU Liguang

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《政府管理评论》2019年第1期60-77,共18页Public Management Review

基　　金：国家社会科学重大项目“基于总量与强度双控的水资源治理转型与市场化机制研究”(15ZDC033)支持

摘　　要：如何实现水资源的有效治理,是全球面临的共同问题。本文基于公共治理的理论视角,从治理体制、机制、工具三个方面比较分析了世界主要国家水资源治理的经验。全球水资源治理体制具体包括集中管理与分散管理、流域管理与区域管理、功能管理与实体管理等不同模式,立法决策机构、协商合作机构、经营盈利机构等不同治理机构协同配合。基于治理主体和权力向度多元化的理念,世界各国根据国情灵活运用行政、市场、社会三种机制,通过多种机制的组合与互动实现协同效应。世界各国主要根据公平性、效率或效益、激励相容及政治上的可行性等标准选择相应的水资源治理工具,主要包括水资源有偿使用和水资源配置与交易两个方面。全球的水资源治理的发展表现出以下趋势:(1)行政、市场与社会机制的协同治理。(2)基于区域和流域划分的整体性治理。(3)行政机制市场化与市场机制行政化。(4)相关者利益调节为导向的软法治理。(5)多元主体参与的网络化水资源治理。How to achieve effective governance of water is a common problem facing the world. Based on the theoretical perspective of public governance,this paper analyzes the experience of water governance in major countries of the world from three aspects:governance system,mechanism and tools. The global water governance system specifically includes different modes such as centralized management and decentralized management,watershed management and regional management,functional management and entity management,and different governance organizations such as legislative decision-making organizations,consultative cooperation organizations,and operating for-profit organizations. Based on the concept of diversification of governance subject and power orientation,countries around the world flexibly use the three mechanisms of administration,market and society according to their national conditions,and realize synergy through the combination and interaction of various mechanisms. Countries in the world choose the corresponding water governance tools based on criteria such as fairness,efficiency,incentive compatibility and political feasibility,including water paid use institutions and water allocation and trading institutions.The development of global water governance shows the following trends:(1) collaborative governance of administrative,market and social mechanisms;(2) holistic governance based on regional and watershed divisions;(3)administrative mechanism marketization and market mechanism administration;(4)interest-related stakeholders participating in soft-law governance;(5) networked governance of water involving multiple entities.

关 键 词：水资源治理 体制 机制 工具 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]