中国农村灾害治理制度的变迁逻辑——基于历史制度主义的视角  

The Evolutionary Logic of China's Rural Disaster Governance System——From the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

作　　者：郑亮 许志行 Zheng Liang;Xu Zhihang

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国应急管理科学》2024年第6期10-23,共14页Journal of China Emergency Management Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(社科)“西南民族地区农业转移人口市民化的社会稳定风险评估研究”(2022SPYZX23YB);西南民族大学引进人才科研启动金资助项目(社科)“成都市农村社区平战转换机制研究”(RQD2023044)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：高质量的农村灾害治理制度是维护农村生产生活秩序、保障国家粮食安全的关键。通过历史制度主义视角,全景式地梳理农村灾害治理制度的变迁逻辑,有助于推进农村防灾减灾救灾工作的开展。基于历史制度主义的结构观与历史观,研究发现:我国农村灾害治理制度经历了被动的国家救援时期(1949—1978年)、灾害治理制度的恢复与社会化发展时期(1978—2003年)、国家主导的制度化建设时期(2003—2012年)以及基于总体国家安全观的专业治灾时期(2012—2024年),并且制度内部因素最终演化为“专业技术、政治精英、自然诱因与社会关注”的结构排序。因此,推动农村防灾减灾救灾工作的有效运行,需要强调专业技术在制度体系建设中的作用、突出政治精英对制度发展趋势的引导以及推动多元社会力量的参与。A high-quality rural disaster management system is crucial for maintaining the order of rural production and life,as well as ensuring national food security.By employing historical institutionalism theory,comprehensively examining the evolutionary logic of rural disaster governance systems facilitates the advancement of disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief efforts in rural areas.Based on the structural and historical perspectives of historical institutionalism,research reveals that China's rural disaster governance system has undergone several phases:the period of passive rescue(1949—1978),the period of recovery and socialization development in disaster governance system(1978—2003),the period of state-led institutionalized construction(2003—2012),and the period of professional disaster management based on the holistic approach to national security(2012 until now).Furthermore,the internal factors of the system have ultimately evolved into a structural hierarchy characterized by“professional expertise,political elites,natural triggers,and social attention”.Therefore,to promote the effective operation of rural disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief efforts,it is essential to emphasize the role of professional expertise in constructing institutional systems,highlight the guidance of political elites on institutional development trends,and promote the participation of diverse social forces.

关 键 词：农村灾害治理制度 历史制度主义 结构观 历史观 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]