从防风化到维稳——严重劣化石窟寺砂岩表层预防性干预技术策略初探  

From Anti-Weathering Conservation to Maintaining Stability——A Preliminary Study on the Preventive Measures Used to Stabilize Heavily Deteriorated Sandstone Surfaces in Cave Temples

作　　者：戴仕炳[1] 陈卉丽 冯太彬 伍洋 陆地[1] DAI Shibing;CHEN Huili;FENG Taibin;WU Yang;LU Di(CAUP Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Academy of Dazu Rock Carvings,Chongqing 402360,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,上海200029 [2]大足石刻研究院,重庆大足402360

出　　处：《石窟与土遗址保护研究》2023年第2期103-112,共10页Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51978472;52278036)

摘　　要：我国大部分石窟寺砂岩文物表层处于一种不稳定状态,需要采取合规并具可延展的特别是可再处理的保护措施。基于对石窟寺砂岩劣化病状初步梳理以及对历史上采取的“防风化”处理后的砂岩出现不可再处理等问题,在比选多种干预措施的利弊和已完成的保护实验基础上,提出缓解严重风化的砂岩质文物表层劣化的“维稳”技术策略。石窟寺砂岩表层“维稳”是在无法明显改变宏观或微观环境前提下,基于最小干预原则的预防性保护措施总和,包括浸渍深层固化、注石灰浆、局部补配等。维稳使用的材料应是研究成熟且被时间验证的无机材料或在使用前以有机形式存在,固化或老化后为无机的材料,其无论是在服役期还是在老化后,均可采用相同或者类似的材料处理。在重庆大足石刻完成的初步试验说明,在满足诸如低含水率、适宜温湿度等前提下,严重劣化的砂岩可以得到固化,表层稳定性能得到有效提升,维稳处理后的文物表面的吸水、湿润、透气等性能几乎没有改变。维稳可以提高文物安全性,为未来系统保护修复等提供保障,为脆弱文物的预防性干预提供了方向。The surfaces of sandstone artifacts in many cave temples throughout China have deteriorated to an alarmingly unstable state and require immediate preservation using appropriate and scalable-i.e.reprocessable-measures.Based on an initial assessment of the types of deterioration and the condition of sandstone artifacts that have received“anti-weathering”treatment in cave temples,this study proposes a strategy for stabilizing sandstone relics and mitigating surface damage caused by heavy weathering.“Stabilization”here refers to all the conservation measures that can be used to protect sandstone artifacts from further damage,which are based on the principle of minimal intervention in order to protect both the macro and micro environments of the sites as much as possible,and which include deep-structure reinforcement,grouting and basic repair around the site,and improvement of the security of cultural relics in order to ensure a safe environment for future conservation work.The materials used for stabilization should include inorganic materials that are well researched and proven by historical use,as well as materials that existed organically before being reprocessed into inorganic forms due to solidifying or expiring.Preliminary tests completed on the Dazu rock carvings in Chongqing show that severely deteriorated sandstone surfaces can be successfully repaired,and that surface stability can be effectively improved by maintaining the appropriate conditions related to water content,temperature and humidity.The primary conditions for ensuring the success of further conservation work lie in making sure that the environmental properties listed above remain virtually unchanged.

关 键 词：石窟寺 劣化 可再处理 防风化 维稳 预防性保护 

分 类 号：TU582[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]