榆林窟第43窟:敦煌石窟唯一的儒家窟  

Cave 43 of Yulin Grottoes: The Only Confucian Cave in Dunhuang Area

作　　者：邢耀龙 Xing Yaolong

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院榆林窟文物保护研究所,甘肃瓜州736100

出　　处：《石窟寺研究》2022年第1期158-169,共12页Studies of the Cave Temples

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目《<敦煌石窟内容总录>整理与研究》(16JJD770023);敦煌研究院院级课题重点项目“敦煌晚期石窟的分期与断代”(批准号2020-SK-ZD-01)

摘　　要：从宗教美术的角度而言,敦煌石窟是佛教艺术圣地,仅在清代出现了一些道教主题的洞窟,可见敦煌石窟的题材仅限于佛教和道教。但我们从榆林窟43窟仅存的塑像来看,其内容属于“三皇五帝”、三代君王及孔子,表现的是儒家的先祖信仰和圣贤信仰。这些塑像体现了儒家思想主导下的古史系统的构建过程,也是清代河西地区典型的一个先贤祭祀洞窟,这一点,在洞窟墙壁上的游人题记里也有明确的体现。所以,榆林窟43窟是敦煌石窟目前发现的唯一的一个儒家题材洞窟,对清代河西地区民间儒家信仰的研究和敦煌石窟内容的重新诠释有重要意义。From the perspective of religious art,Dunhuang Grottoes are mainly holy sites of Buddhist art.Some Taoist-thcmed caves appeared in the Qing Dynasty.Previous scholars realized that the themes of the Dunhuang Grottoes are limited to Buddhism and Taoism.However,Cave 43 of Yulin Grottoes represents figures of“Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors”,three generations of kings and Confucius,and they express the Confucian ancestor and sage beliefs.These statues embody the construction the ancient history system under Confucianism,and they are also a typical sage worship cave in the Hexi area of the Qing Dynasty.This is also clearly reflected in the inscriptions by tourists on the cave walls.Therefore,Cave 43 of Yulin Grottoes is the only Confucian-themed cave discovered in Dunhuang area,which is a great significance to the study of folk Confucian beliefs in the Hexi area of Qing Dynasty and reinterpretation of the content of Dunhuang Grottoes.

关 键 词：榆林窟 儒家窟 先祖 圣贤信仰 石窟空间 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]