最大或更好地行善:有效利他主义的兴起及其争议  

Doing the Most Good or the Good Better:The Rise of Effective Altruism and Its Controversy

作　　者：马庆[1] MA Qing

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院哲学研究所,上海200021

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第10期13-20,95,共9页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：上海市哲社一般项目“当代英美功利主义研究”(2018BZX004)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：21世纪出现的有效利他主义致力于用普遍人的善意来让世界变得更好。有效利他主义是一种哲学理念,也是一种社会运动,强调用证据和推理来选择最有效的方式以造福他人,即最大或更好地行善。在10多年的时间里,有效利他主义已经在全世界造成了不小的影响,也引发了一些争议。对它的质疑既有理论方面的,也有实践方面的。但如果有效利他主义把自己与功利主义明确区分开,那么它可以避免很多理论上的挑战,而实践方面的质疑在相当程度上是不成立的。即使有效利他主义受到诸多争议,但它的确可以在某种程度上既改变我们自己,也改变整个世界,虽然这种改变可能不如某些有效利他主义者想象得那样巨大。The effective altruism that emerged in the 21 st century is committed to making the world better with the goodwill of universal people.Effective altruism is a philosophical idea and a social movement that emphasizes the use of evidence and reasoning to choose the most effective way to benefit others.In more than ten years,effective altruism has caused a lot of influence all over the world and has also caused some controversy.There are both theoretical and practical doubts about it.But,if effective altruism clearly distinguishes itself from utilitarianism,then it can avoid many theoretical challenges,and practical questions are largely untenable.Even though effective altruism has been controversial,it can indeed change both us and the entire world to some extent,although this change may not be as great as some effective altruists imagine.

关 键 词：有效利他主义 功利主义 行善 

分 类 号：B82-064[哲学宗教—伦理学]