康德是宗教上的道德还原论者吗?  

Is Kant a Moral Reductionist in Religion?

作　　者：马彪[1] MA Biao

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学政治学院,南京210095

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2020年第7期13-23,95,共12页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

基　　金：国家重大课题项目“《康德辞典》翻译及译名数据库建设”(19ZDA032);南京农业大学中央高校人文社科基金资助项目(SKYC2020026);南京农业大学2019年校园文化建设项目(NJAUWH201920)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：康德思想体系中的道德与宗教之间究竟具有何种关系,一直是后世学者较为关注的话题。由既有的研究文献来看,可以粗略地分为两种,即道德还原论和非道德还原论。基于"公设之信仰"这一前提,主张"道德还原论"的克朗纳认为,没有道德就没有宗教,道德是宗教得以可能的前提与基础。与此不同,主张"非道德还原论"的庞思奋则断言,宗教虽说来自道德,但前者的领域显然比后者的领域要大得多,道德只是宗教的必要非充分条件,两者不是互为涵摄的关系,更不能将它们等同视之。然而,纵观康德思想,尤其是结合他对哲学、神学以及宗教之关系的系统分析,我们将会发现,康德既不完全赞同由哲学(道德)的路径对宗教来加以单独考察,也不完全赞成单由神学(启示)的路径来诠释宗教,相反,他认为应该在哲学与神学的对话或商榷中渐次趋近于宗教的真理与智慧,进而将这一真理与智慧注入民众的心智之中。康德的这一论断对后世宗教哲学影响深远。It is well-know that what is the relationship between morality and religion in Kant’s system of thought has been disputed by a plenty of scholars from the 19 th century.From the existing literatures,this study can be investigated from Kroner Model and Palmquist Model.In view of moral Postulat,Kroner asserted that no morality,no religion,and religion based on morality will be unavoidable to an eliminative reductionism.To the contrary,Palmquist thought that morality is only a necessary and insufficient condition of religion,despite the latter stemmed from the former.Given a comprehensive survey of Kant’s thought,his dealing with the relationship between philosophy and theology in moral religion in particular,we will be find that Kant,in fact,neither is in full agreement with religion interpreted by morality,nor agree with religion interpreted by revelation.Undoubtedly,it will be close to Kant’s idea that approaching to the truth and wisdom of religion in the dialogue of the philosophy and theology.

关 键 词：康德 道德还原论 非道德还原论 道德宗教 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B82-055