功能主义刑法的消极面向及其体系展开  

作　　者：熊亚文[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2024年第2期125-143,共19页Law and Social Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“刑法私法化:理念与路径”(23FFXB047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：功能主义刑法具有积极面向和消极面向。与以入罪处罚为核心的积极功能主义刑法相对,消极功能主义刑法旨在将具有出罪化、非刑罚化、刑事责任轻缓化功效的私法理念和制度引入刑事立法,从而实现轻罪时代犯罪治理的多元化与现代化。积极功能主义刑法和消极功能主义刑法在价值目标上具有一致性,在功能手段上具有互补性。消极功能主义刑法立基于刑法的任务与刑罚目的理论,始终坚守国家对犯罪治理的垄断,在正当化限度内追求被害恢复、加害复归、经济效益等治理效果。践行和发展消极功能主义刑法观,一方面需要建立“以应罚性为主,以需罚性为辅”的功能主义犯罪论体系,并重视“行政处理优先,刑罚处罚保障”的犯罪化立法模式的运用;另一方面需要探索刑事责任的多元化实现方式与激励机制,推动犯罪后法益修复行为与积极悔过行为刑事责任激励的法定化乃至分则化,完善定罪免刑制度和相对不起诉制度,以整体化观念健全犯罪实质制裁体系。Functionalism of criminal law has positive and negative aspects.Different from the positive functionalism of criminal law,which focuses on the criminalization and punishment,the negative functionalism of criminal law aims to introduce the conceptions and systems of private law together with the functions of de-criminalization,non-punishment and mitigation of criminal responsibility into criminal legislation,so as to realize the diversification and modernization of crime governance in the era of misdemeanor.The two aspects have consistency in value goals and complementarity in functional means.The negative functionalism of criminal law is based on the theory of criminal law's task and penalty purpose,always sticks to the state's monopoly on crime governance,and pursues the recovery of victims,the return of injurer,economic benefits and other effects of governance within the limits of legitimacy.In order to practice and develop the negative functionalism conception of criminal law,first of all,we need to establish a functionalist theory system of crime with“taking the punishability as the main and the need of punishment as the auxiliary”and attach importance to the legislative application of the criminalization model of“prioritizing administrative treatment,guaranteeing criminal punishment”.Secondly,it is necessary to explore incentive mechanisms and diversified implementation methods for criminal responsibility,use the legalization and even specialization to promote criminal responsibility incentives for restoration of legal interests after committing a crime and positive repentant behavior,improve the system of conviction and exemption from punishment and the system of relative non-prosecution,and establish a comprehensive conception to improve the substantive punishment system for crimes.

关 键 词：功能主义刑法 消极功能主义刑法 刑法私法化 轻罪治理 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]