论“确权型”案件的正当程序——略式程序的法理与规则  

On the Due Process of “Right Confirmation” Cases: Legal Principles and Rules of the Summary Procedure

作　　者：吴英姿[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院 [2]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2023年第2期136-156,共21页Law and Social Development

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金后期资助项目“民事诉讼略式程序研究”(21HQ020)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：主流观点认为,当事人对本案权利义务不争议,而只要求实现或保护权利的“确权型案件”应当适用非讼程序。但非讼程序的程序保障不足,因此引发正当性质疑。“诉讼程序与非讼程序法理交错适用论”存在理论缺陷,不能成为构建此类案件正当程序的理论基础。唯有略式程序与此类案件相适配。略式程序不以解纷为目的,不对主诉案件进行实质审理,主要审查申请文件,即可快速形成执行名义,契合此类案件当事人对简速裁判的追求。略式程序遵循实体权利逻辑,恪守最低限度的程序保障标准,其裁判具有形式确定力与执行力,但没有既判力,并为权利争议解决预留了诉讼救济通道。我国司法确认程序等制度的探索与形成历程,从实践理性层面验证了略式程序与确权型案件的匹配性。按照略式程序法理设计确权型案件通用规则,既符合当事人便捷、高效、低成本地实现权利的需要,又符合正当程序的基本要求。The majority opinion is that the non-litigation procedure should be applied to the“rig ht confirmation”cases where the parties do not dispute the rights and obligations but only require therealiz ation or protection of rights.However,the procedural legitimacy is questioned due to the insu fficientprocedural guarantee of non-litigation procedures.There are theoretical defects in the theoryof cross-application of litigation and non-litigation procedure,so that it cannot be the theoretical basis of due process in such cases.Only summary procedure is appropriate for such cases.The summaryprocedure neither is for resolving disputes,nor hear the main case,but make a verdict quickly by reviewing the application documents mainly,which fits the pursuit of the rties to such cases for simpleand quick adjudication.The summary procedure follows the logic of pasubstantial rights and abides by the minimum procedural guarantee standard.The judgment has the formal determination and execu tive force,but no res judicata,and reserves a channel for litigation relief for the settlement of righ tsdisputes.The exploration and formation of judicial confirmation procedure and other systems in our country verify the matching betwe en the summary procedure and such cases in practical reason.Thegeneral rules for these cases maybe designed in accordance with the summary procedure,which not only meets the needs of the parties to realize their rights conveniently,efficiently and at low cost,butalso meets the basic requirements of due process.

关 键 词：确权型案件 程序相称 略式程序 司法确认程序 人身安全保护令 担保物权实现程序 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]