在线诉讼中证人出庭作证的场域变革与制度发展  

The Field Transformation and System Development of Witness Testifying in Court in Online Litigation

作　　者：谢登科 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学理论法学研究中心 [2]吉林大学司法数据应用研究中心

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2023年第1期147-164,共18页Law and Social Development

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“智慧司法:互联网法庭模式的创新与探索”(2022-JCXK-34);互联网法治研究院(杭州)2022年度互联网法治重点研究课题“互联网涉外法治研究”的阶段性成果

摘　　要：证人出庭作证在本质上是其陈述案件事实、接受询问质证的信息交流过程,在线诉讼将此过程由物理空间转移至网络空间,这就带来出庭作证方式的变革。法庭不是物理空间中的特定场所,而是法官在各诉讼主体参与下审判案件、解决纠纷的司法服务。在线诉讼中的出庭作证,并不必然要求证人出现在实体法庭中,证人可以用注册账号对应的虚拟身份进入电子诉讼系统平台完成各项诉讼活动。在线出庭作证能够实现与线下出庭作证相同的价值功能,让直接言词审理原则得以有效贯彻,也有利于出庭作证的高效性、便捷性和安全性。证人既可以出席实体法庭,也可以出席虚拟法庭。对于采用何种方式出庭作证,证人不应享有程序选择权,而应由法官依据案件类型、诉讼性质、庭审程序、质证权保障等因素来决定。在在线出庭作证中,法官与证人在物理空间中相距遥远,其对证人的作证环境和行为的控制、引导能力较弱,需要采取相应方法或机制来保障在线出庭作证的环境与秩序。Witness testifying in court is a process of communication and exchange of information in which he or she states the facts of a case and accepts interrogation and cross-examination.Online litigation transfers this process from physical space to cyberspace and innovate the way of witness testifying in court.However,the court is not a special physical space,but a judicial service for judges to try cases and settle disputes with the attending of litigant participants.Testifying in online litigation does not require the witness to appear in the physical court.Witness could access the platform of electronic litigation system with the virtual identity of registered account and complete various litigation activities.Online appearing in court to testify can achieve the same value as offline appearing and effectively implement the principle of direct verbal trial.It is also beneficial for the efficiency,convenience and security of testifying.The court in which witness appears could be either the physical court or the virtual court.Witness has no procedural right to choose the way of appearing in court.It is decided by the judge according to the type of case,procedure and protection of cross-examination right.In online testifying,the judge and the witness are far away in physical space,and the judge’s ability to guide the behavior of witness and control the testifying environment is weak.Therefore,it’s necessary to adopt certain methods or mechanism to safeguard environment and order of testifying in online litigation.

关 键 词：在线诉讼 证人出庭 程序选择权 虚拟法庭 直接言词审理 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.2[政治法律—法学]