自动驾驶的算法正义与法律责任体系  

Algorithmic Justice and Legal Responsibility System of Autonomous Driving

作　　者：郑玉双[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2022年第4期145-161,共17页Law and Social Development

基　　金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自动驾驶是人工智能发展和应用的前沿领域,在迅猛发展的同时,也遇到了自动驾驶汽车的主体地位和责任认定等伦理和法律挑战。自动驾驶的伦理挑战体现在它改变了道德推理的基本形式和道德决策方式,法律挑战体现为它对生命安全价值和法律责任分配的冲击。解决自动驾驶的伦理和法律挑战需要重建算法正义观,并构建出符合算法正义观的自动驾驶道德算法。相比道义论和功利主义算法,最大化最小值算法具有理论和实践优势,能够在道德基础、功能主义和责任三个方面得到辩护。基于算法正义的自动驾驶法律责任体系包含着教义学责任和证成性责任的动态融合,并在最大化最小值算法的技术框架下破解碰撞责任难题,这对自动驾驶的技术研发和立法推动具有重要意义,是优化人机协作和迎接智能驾驶时代的理想选择。Autonomous driving technology is a frontier field for the development and application of artificial intelligence.Along with its rapid progress,it also causes ethical and legal challenges,such as the subject status of autonomous vehicles,the attribution of liability and so on.The ethical challenge of autonomous driving lies in its changing the basic form of moral reasoning and decision,while its legal challenge lies in the shock to the life safety value and legal liability distribution.To solve the problem of ethical and legal challenges of autonomous driving,we need to reconstruct the conception of algorithm justice,and design a moral algorithm of autonomous driving which conforms to algorithmic justice.Compared with deontology and utilitarianism algorithm,maximin algorithm has theoretical and practical advantages,and can be defended in light of moral foundation,functionalism and responsibility.Autonomous driving responsibility system based on algorithmic justice includes dynamic integration of doctrinal and justificatory responsibility.Maximin algorithm can solve the dilemma of collision liability under the technical structure of maximin algorithm.It has great significance to the technological development and legislative promotion of autonomous driving,and thus is the ideal choice to realize human-machine collaboration and confront intelligent society.

关 键 词：自动驾驶 算法正义 最大化最小值算法 教义学责任 证成性责任 

分 类 号：D922.14[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]