行政犯概念的中国表达  

Chinese Expression of the Concept of Administrative Crime

作　　者：邹玉祥 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2022年第3期206-224,共19页Law and Social Development

摘　　要：我国的行政犯概念虽源于德日刑法理论,但只有在充分尊重立法背景和解释目的之差异的基础上汲取域外观点中的思维精华,才能对我国行政犯立法和司法实践提供助益。既有研究中针对行政犯的界定,存在概念混用以及标准模糊的问题,必须予以澄清。行政犯与法定犯是分属不同范畴、具有不同意义的概念,应避免两者混同。在我国刑法语境下,应重构行政犯的双重违法性标准,将其理解为以行为具备行政违法性为前提,此种必要前提以罪刑法定原则为保障。对行政犯的解释只能在行政规范划定的区间内进行独立性评价,必须分析前置法中的义务要求,透过一般预防必要性和法益保护关联性的考察,对行政违法行为进行过滤和筛选。这种行政犯概念相较于以秩序维护和非悖德性等为内核的行政犯概念而言,理论争议性更小,内涵与外延相对更清晰,更有利于提示司法实践中的裁判者对行政违法行为进行实质化判断,避免将一般的行政违法行为当作犯罪处理。Although the concept of administrative crime in China originates from the theories of criminal law from Germany and Japan,it can be helpful to the legislation and judicial practice of administrative crime in China only by absorbing the essence of thinking from foreign viewpoints based on fully respecting the differences of legislative background and explanatory purpose.There are some problems in the definition of administrative crime,such as mixed concepts and fuzzy standards,which must be clarified.Administrative crime and legal crime belong to different categories and have different meanings.In the context of criminal law in China,the double illegality standard of administrative crime should be reconstructed,which should be understood as the necessary premise that the act has administrative illegality,and this necessity is guaranteed by the principle of legality of crime and punishment.Therefore,the interpretation of administrative crimes can only be independently evaluated within the range defined by administrative norms.It is necessary to analyze the obligation requirements in the pre-law and filter and screen the administrative illegal acts through the investigation of the necessity of general prevention and the relevance of legal interest protection.Compared with the concept of order maintenance and ethical transcendence,the concept of administrative crime is less controversial in theory,and its connotation and denotation are relatively clearer.It is more conducive to prompting judges in judicial practice to make substantive judgment on administrative illegal acts and avoid treating general administrative illegal acts as crimes.

关 键 词：行政犯 双重违法性 行政违法性 法定犯 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]