“永安五铢”背后出现的异像  

The Uncommon Portrait behind the Coin Engraved with“Yong An Wu Zhu”(永安五铢)

作　　者：阎焰 Yan Yan(Wang ye Museum,Shenzhen)

机构地区：[1]望野博物馆

出　　处：《丝绸之路研究集刊》2022年第2期105-126,527,共23页Journal of the Silk Road Studies

摘　　要：“半两”为最早的圆形方孔钱,^(①)由春秋战国时期的圜钱演变而来。秦并天下后更以其为定式而推颁四域。除新莽币制部分复古外,圆形方孔钱纵贯秦统一后的中国历代王朝;至中华民国时期的“民国通宝”止,圆形方孔钱在中国历两千余年。由于发行时间和铸行量均远大于其他形制种类的钱币,所以圆形方孔钱和中国古钱币这两个概念近为等同。西晋鲁褒《钱神论》:“钱之为体,有乾坤之象;内则其方,外则其圆。其积如山,其流如川。动静有时,行藏有节;市井便易,不患耗折。难折象寿,不匮象道,故能长久,为世神宝。亲之如兄,字曰‘孔方’。”此后世人皆谓钱为“孔方兄”。圆形方孔钱在古代亚洲更为中国周近四邻所通用。The part of the study in Silk Road that associated with the coins from diverse ethnic groups is a crucial subject.The round square hole copper minted coin from Northern Dynasties engraved with“Yong An Wu Zhu”(永安五铢)at the front and an uncommon portrait at the back discovered at the city of Ye(邺)early in the years is a recent and unprecedented material regarding coins in Silk Road.Metal coins were first imported to landlocked regions in Central Asia under the reign of the Achaemenid Dynasty.The break away from the Achaemenid Dynasty led to the establishment of Bactria,which ultimately Hellenized the Sogdiana areas deeply;thenceforth,more Greek patterned coins become regional mainstream.From the middle of the 7th century,the Sogdiana areas and Semirechie regions started to cast and issue an imitation of the round square hole coin engraved with“Kai Yuan Tong Bao”(开元通宝)from the Tang Dynasty.From then on,the Sogdiana coins had a further and deeper knowledge of the Central Mainland.The recent discovery on the“Yong An Wu Zhu”round square hole copper minted coin from Northern Dynasties with an unusual portrait at the back of the coin is intensely Hellenistic.The period of“Yong An Wu Zhu”is after Bactria,and before the imitation of a round square hole coin in Sogdiana areas.It is decidable that this coin is profoundly associated with the city of Ye according to its discovery location and popular districts for usage.The emergence of the Hellenistic portrait at the back of the coin especially links it to the knowledge on Greece from West Asia through the Sogdiana areas.And it provides the possibility for a new interpretation of the classification and genre division made by Boris Ilich Marshak on the discovery of Sogdiana silverware in Pokrovskoye village;this led to the investigation of newly gained channels for exchanges between Central Asia and the core region of Central Mainland in the before and after of the 6th century.

关 键 词：圆形方孔钱 春秋战国时期 永安五铢 中华民国时期 圜钱 新莽 《钱神论》 中国古钱币 

分 类 号：K875.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]