读图的厚背景和被表象误导的历史图像——重新认识敦煌西夏石窟艺术史之面貌及其内涵  

The Thick Background of the Map Reading and the Misleading Historical Images——Reunderstanding the Appearance and Connotation of the Art History of Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang

作　　者：沙武田[1] Sha Wutian(Shaanxi Normal University)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学

出　　处：《丝绸之路研究集刊》2020年第1期287-314,481-482,共30页Journal of the Silk Road Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“敦煌西夏石窟研究”(16ZDA116)阶段性成果

摘　　要：引言表象平庸而又突兀的西夏洞窟艺术艺术史是有规律可循的,至少地域特征、民族关系、文化属性、时代风格是客观存在的艺术现象。敦煌在艺术史上的地位,往往是和敦煌艺术的价值紧密相连。敦煌石窟基本的历史人文价值,是不同时期洞窟中保存下来的壁画和彩塑艺术对历史的记录和再现,是"形象的历史"1,是中古时期人们艺术审美、信仰追求、人文关怀的图形展示,是一个特定地域对漫长历史的独特记忆,是历史时期敦煌人的文化象征,其最终凝聚的是华夏文明精髓,是丝路文明在敦煌融合的符号性呈现。这种历史人文价值,同样是理解敦煌西夏洞窟艺术的关键所在。For the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang,what is the mural art of Xixia style,its characteristics are not obvious and difficult to define.There are probably two reasons for this:one is the mediocrity of the art of Xixia Cave,and the other is quite intruding art of Xixia Cave.These are two contradictory phenomena.It seems to be propositions that cannot move forward a common goal,but they are the basic appearance and artistic features of Xixia art,they are the characteristics of Xixia art in a real sense.Based on the above two types of artistic phenomena,if we use today’s artistic aesthetic vision,it is difficult to imagine how the Xixia people themselves faced these two completely different(mediocre and intruding) cave painting arts.On the other hand,as an artistic recreation of restoring and repainting the exquisite frescoes of previous generations,how the Xixia people are faced with the still well-preserved frescoes of the Northern Dynasty,Sui,Tang and Five Generations Song Dynasties,which were rich in content,diverse themes and beautiful artistic images at the Mogao Caves.Although we can’t easily get the answers to these two questions today,one thing is certain,that the Xixia people of Dunhuang are open to their religious and artistic activities in the cave and their achievements,those stylized chess formats decoration and the simple paradise palace scenes are the results of their belief needs and artistic pursuits.As for whether the two completely different styles and the subject of the pattern are compatible,the answer is yes.Whether it is a mediocre rebuilt cave or a intruding "original" cave,the same is the result of the Xixia people’s religious needs and artistic pursuits.For the Xixia people themselves,it should be the "Compatibility" and"Integrating" Buddhism and its art.In this sense,the unique features of the Xixia art history are initially revealed.Therefore,the construction of the art history of the Xixia Grottoes in Dunhuang seems to be much more complicated than imagined,and it is necessary to reso

关 键 词：敦煌艺术 华夏文明 敦煌石窟 西夏 彩塑艺术 文化属性 艺术史 中古时期 

分 类 号：K879.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K246.3[历史地理—历史学]