秃黑鲁帖木儿与东察合台汗国若干史事辨析  

Some Problems concerning Tughluk Timur and the Eastern Chaghatai Khanate

作　　者：杨富学[1] 葛启航 Yang Fuxue;Ge Qihang(Dunhuang Academy;Longdong University)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院 [2]陇东学院

出　　处：《丝绸之路研究集刊》2020年第1期85-101,476,共18页Journal of the Silk Road Studies

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金重大项目“敦煌中外关系史料的整理与研究”(19ZDA198)阶段性成果

摘　　要：秃黑鲁帖木儿为东察合台汗国建立者,乃成吉思汗六世孙,皈依伊斯兰教,并推动了伊斯兰教在西域地区的快速发展,为喀喇汗王朝覆灭后西域伊斯兰化的又一次高峰。14世纪中叶,察合台汗国走向分裂。1346年,河中的察合台汗国西部统治者合赞算端在和部落首领的战争中兵败被杀,秃黑鲁帖木儿不久被拥立为汗。Tughluk Timur was the founder of the eastern Chaghatai Khanate.The time of his ascent to the pole was disputed in the academic circle because of the vague records in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi.There were different opinions in 1346,1347,1348,etc.There is a clear record of the Tonguz year when Tughluk Timur granted the nobility of Dughlat the privilege in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi.Combined with other evidences,it can be considered that the year when Tughluk Timur ascended the throne was 1347,which can also be regarded as the year when the eastern Chaghatai Khanate was established.It is presumed that the political center of Tughluk Timur Mazar is located in Almalik.However,historical records are missing.According to the Mongolian posthouse documents of Chaghatai Khanate unearthed from Turpan,lack can be presumed to be located in the Ili River Basin.Therefore,the activity center of Tughluk Timur Mazar is probably located in the upper reaches of the Ili River.Almalik should belong to the eastern Chaghatai Khanate political center.It can be seen from the historical facts reflected in the Mongolian posthouse documents unearthed in Turpan and the petition of Uighur serfs for exemption from taxes,combined with the sporadic records of Chinese and Muslim historical materials,that before the Chaghatai Khanate completely occupied Turpan in 1347,although the Yuan Dynasty had the land of Turpan in name and ruled in some periods of time,in general,Turpan was in fact most of the time under the Chaghatai Khanate.

关 键 词：东察合台汗国 喀喇汗王朝 部落首领 伊斯兰化 秃黑鲁帖木儿 西域地区 伊斯兰教 14世纪 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]