间充质干细胞来源的胞外囊泡在急性肝衰竭治疗中的研究进展  

Research Advance on Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure

作　　者：李敏[1] 孙梦 马小岚 胡敏[2] 张金凤 Min Li;Meng Sun;Xiaolan Ma;Min Hu;Jinfeng Zhang(Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,100081;The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学,北京100081 [2]暨南大学附属第一医院,广州510630

出　　处：《生命科学仪器》2022年第3期23-32,共10页Life Science Instruments

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(项目编号:32001010);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金-面上项目(项目编号:2022A1515011865);广东省医学科研基金-面上项目(项目编号:B2022064)

摘　　要：急性肝衰竭(Acute liver failure,ALF)是指无肝脏基础疾病而在短时间内发生大量肝细胞坏死及严重肝功能损害,并引起多器官障碍的危重临床综合征。ALF的病死率较高,但临床上还没有特效的治疗方法。因此,开发新的治疗手段来有效缓解肝衰竭的进展是研究者普遍关注且亟需解决的关键问题。目前临床前研究的方法中,干细胞疗法被认为是治疗肝衰竭最有潜力的方法。但干细胞固有的临床风险阻滞了它的进一步应用,加上越来越多的证据表明,干细胞的生物学功能在很大程度上归功于其分泌的胞外囊泡(Extracellular vesicles,EVs)。EVs作为细胞自然产生的纳米级囊泡,已经成为ALF治疗中最具吸引力的纳米治疗手段之一。本文主要综述了EVs的形成、组分与分离,以及EVs在ALF治疗中的潜在机制。Acute liver failure(ALF)refers to a critical clinical syndrome in which massive liver cell necrosis and severe liver function damage occur in a short time without underlying liver diseases,resulting in multiple organ disorders.The fatality rate of ALF is high,but currently there is no specific treatment in the clinic.Therefore,the development of new therapies to effectively alleviate the progression of liver failure is a key issue that researchers are considerately concerned about and urgently needs to be solved.At present,stem cell therapy is considered the most promising method for ALF therapy.However,the inherent clinical risks of stem cells have impeded their further applications.On the other hand,growing evidence shows that the biological functions of stem cells are attributed to their secreted extracellular vesicles(EVs)which are nanoscale vesicles naturally produced by cells.Notably,EVs have become one of the most attractive nanotherapeutics in the treatment of ALF.In this manuscript,the formation,component and isolation of EVs,as well as the potential mechanism of EVs in ALF treatment will be reviewed.

关 键 词：急性肝衰竭 胞外囊泡 免疫调节 再生 氧化应激 

分 类 号：R575.3[医药卫生—消化系统]