人性尊严的价值构造与规范功能  

The Value Structure and Normative Function of Human Dignity

作　　者：陈科先 Chen Kexian

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学法学院

出　　处：《人权研究（辑刊）》2023年第2期3-27,349-350,共27页Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：关于人的尊严的理论研究,学术界主要存在三种学说:宗教神学版本的尊严理论、能力版本的价值论尊严理论与共识承认版本的关系论尊严理论。这三种学说虽然未能有效地回应人的尊严在理论上面临的模糊性、空洞性和悖论性的概念诘难,但为构建一个以人的主体性为核心要义、以普遍规范性为基本特质、以承认共识为必要条件的尊严理论提供了有益指导。以人的本性为阐释框架的尊严概念借鉴了既有尊严理论的理论优势,从形式内容、实质内容与实践内容的维度论证了以基本资格、良善价值与阻却“恶”的本性行为为核心的人性尊严理论。这种尊严理论展示人的尊严在法律实践中的双重功能:在证成基本权利的维度上,人的尊严是一种以形式本性为核心的基本资格与以内容本性为核心的良善价值的构成体;在保障基本权利有效实现的维度上,人的尊严表现出一种以阻却“恶”的本性行为为核心的禁止性规范功能,即以有效制约公权力的方式排除阻碍基本权利实现的外在因素和禁止基本权利的不当行使方式与结果。人性尊严理论展示了这种价值构造解决法律案件的有效性,也确立了法律保障人的尊严的基本模式。Regarding the theoretical research on human dignity,there are mainly three theories in academia:the religious theology version of the dignity theory,the ability version of the axiological dignity theory and the consensus recognition version of the relational dignity theory.Although these three theories have failed to effectively respond to the conceptual challenge of ambiguity,emptiness and paradox in the theory of human dignity,they provide useful guidance to construct a dignity concept with human subjectivity as the core essence and universal normativeness as the foundation,recognizing consensus as the necessary condition.The concept of dignity,which takes human nature as an explanatory framework,draws on the theoretical advantages of existing dignity theories,and demonstrates the theory of human dignity with basic qualifications,good values and natural behaviors that prevent“evil”as the core from the dimensions of formal content,substantive content and practical content.This theory of dignity shows the dual functions of human dignity in legal practice:in the dimension of justifying basic rights,human dignity is a basic qualification centered on formal nature and a good value centered on content nature.In terms of guaranteeing the effective realization of basic rights,human dignity exhibits a prohibitive normative function centered on obstructing“evil”natural behaviors,that is,eliminating those who hinder the realization of basic rights by effectively restricting public power,and prohibiting the manner and consequences of improper exercise of fundamental rights.The theory of human dignity demonstrates the effectiveness of this value structure in solving legal cases,and also establishes the basic model for legal protection of human dignity.

关 键 词：人性尊严 价值构造 基本资格 良善价值 禁止性规范功能 

分 类 号：B82-061[哲学宗教—伦理学] D909[政治法律—法学理论]