保护作品完整权声誉要件的反思和修正  

Reflectionand Correction on the Reputation Criterion for the Right of Integrity

作　　者：陈龙 Chen Long

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院

出　　处：《人大法律评论》2022年第1期223-251,共29页Renmin University Law Review

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划博士项目“认知经济性在互联网时代多元纠纷解决中的应用研究”(项目编号:2022BS115)成果

摘　　要：目前,我国保护作品完整权的侵权判定存在两种不同的标准。主观标准要求对作品的改动达到“歪曲篡改”的程度,破坏原作的“思想感情”;客观标准则要求改动“损害作者声誉”。两种侵权判断标准在实务界和理论界都存在较大争议。相比主观标准,客观标准通常被认为确定性更高,适用成本更低,因而获得部分法院和学者的支持。由于我国现行法并未直接在法条中规定声誉要件,现有相关讨论多集中于依据我国法律能否采客观标准;但针对声誉要件的讨论没有进一步区分财产型声誉和尊严型声誉,这导致客观标准在实际适用中也存在较大模糊性。此外,既有研究普遍忽略了中国文化艺术产业的独特发展历程,忽视了相关争议产生的本土化原因,也缺乏实务视角上的细致考察,因而大大降低了客观标准的说服力。以作品利用方式的合理可预见性、改动作品后福利减损的可能性、作者表达利益是否遭受重大侵害为侵权判断标准,能够提高客观标准适用的经济性,增强实践中的可操作性。结合产业发展现状来看,进一步完善行业谈判、利益分配等非诉讼机制,也有助于化解我国保护作品完整权的相关纠纷。Currently,there are two different criteria for determining infringement of the right to protect the integrity of a work in China.The subjective criterion requires the alteration of the work to the extent of“distortion and falsification”,which destroys the“thoughts and feelings”of the original work.The objective criterion requires that the alterations“damage the author's reputation”.Both criteria are controversial in the practical and theoretical circles.Compared with the subjective criterion,the objective criterion is usually considered to be more certain and less expensive to apply,thus gaining the support of some courts and scholars.Since China's current law does not directly stipulate the reputation criterion in the law,most of the existing discussions focus on whether the objective criterion can be adopted according to China's law.The discussion of the reputation criterion does not further distinguish between reputation as property and reputation as dignity,which leads to a greater ambiguity in the application of the objective criterion in practice.The existing studies generally ignore the unique development history of China's art and culture industry and the localized reasons for the controversy,and are limited to the legal framework,with a practical perspective to be added.The absence of the above discussion greatly reduces the persuasive power of objective criterion,and thus the controversy over the criteria for judging the infringement of the right to protect the integrity of works has not subsided so far.The criteria for judging infringement are the reasonable foreseeability of the way the work is utilized,the possibility of welfare impairment after altering the work,and whether the author's expressive interests are significantly infringed,which can improve the economy of applying the objective criteria and enhance the operability in practice.Combined with the current situation of industrial development,further improving the mechanism of industry negotiation and benefit distribution can also

关 键 词：精神权利 保护作品完整权 侵权构成要件 声誉要件 声誉类型 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]