亚里士多德持有“神圣幸福论”吗?——努斯与幸福概念的划界问题  

Is Eudaimonia Divine?Nous and the Limits of Aristotle's Concept of Eudaimonia

作　　者：邓连冲 DENG Lianchong

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学学院外国哲学研究所

出　　处：《清华西方哲学研究》2024年第1期77-94,共18页Tsinghua Studies in Western Philosophy

摘　　要：亚里士多德把最佳幸福界定为“灵魂合乎努斯的实现活动”。部分学者把努斯解释为超出人性界限的神圣之物,这自然会导向“神圣幸福论”,即只有神能拥有严格意义上的幸福。基于《论灵魂》等文本对努斯的分离问题的分析,可知我们没有绝对令人信服的理由认为“努斯分离于身体”;与之相对,亚里士多德哲学体系中存在着断定“努斯不分离于身体”的核心论据。因此努斯并非神圣之物,建基于努斯之上的最佳幸福概念也并未超出人之视域,而是蕴含在人一生的操持与做事之中。Aristotle defines the highest form of eudaimonia as“the actuality of soul in conformity with nous”.Some scholars interpret nous as a divine entity beyond human existence,leading to the notion of“divine eudaimonia”,suggesting that only god can truly attain eudaimonia.However,a closer examination of the separability of nous in De Anima and other relevant texts reveals no compelling reasons to believe that“nous is separated from body”.Rather,in Aristotle's philosophical framework,there are core pieces of evidences asserting that“nous is not separated from body”.Consequently,nous is not a divine entity,and eudaimonia based on nous is not beyond the scope of human experience.Instead,it can be contained within the practice of daily life.

关 键 词：亚里士多德 幸福 努斯 分离 

分 类 号：B502.233[哲学宗教—外国哲学]