全球视角下17世纪初英国在日本的扩张及其挫折  

British Expansion in Japan in the Early 17th Century and Its Setback in a Global Perspective

作　　者：肖飞燕 Xiao Feiyan

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学外国语学院 [2]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《全球史评论》2023年第1期154-173,381-382,共22页Global History Review

摘　　要：17世纪初以东印度公司为殖民先锋的英国将触角延伸至东北亚的日本,建立商馆,开启了对日的通商贸易。然而,英国人在日本经营仅仅勉强维持了十年就戛然而止,此后英日关系进入漫长的休眠状态,直至19世纪中叶双边关系才得以恢复。17世纪初英国在日拓殖的夭折,不仅由于处于起步阶段的英国东印度公司自身的羸弱和日本对外政策的保守,也缘于其面临来自荷兰东印度公司、老牌帝国西葡在日势力的强势竞争。与这些外国势力之间在经济、外交、社会、军事等多重且多维的竞争关系当中,英国人始终处于下风而受到压制,最终于1623年选择主动退出。此后英国人返航日本的努力又屡屡受挫,致使英日关系的重启直到两百多年后的幕末时期才得以实现。虽然有此挫折,但英国并没有放弃在东亚扩张的野心,而是逐渐转向了海禁日渐松弛的清朝。The tentacles of the nascent British empire with English East India Company as its spearhead were extended into Japan in the early 17th century.English factory was established on Japanese territory,which opened Anglo-Japanese trade.However,the relationship between Britain and Japan halted suddenly after a decade and entered a long dormant state until the mid-19th century,when bilateral relations were restored.The failure of English expansion in Japan in the early 17th century was attributed not only to the weakness of EIC a and the ever more conservative policy executed by Tokugawa Shogunate,but also to the fierce competition from the Dutch,the Portuguese and the Spanish in Japan.The Englishmen were always suppressed and unable to reverse the unfavorable condition,only to retreat from Japan.Moreover,the defeated Englishmen were frustrated in their efforts to return in the remaining years of 17th century.Consequently,the resumption of Anglo-Japanese relationship was as late as the end of Tokugawa Shogunate more than two centuries later.Despite this setback,Britain did not give up its ambition to expand in East Asia,but gradually turned to the Qing Dynasty,where the sea ban was becoming looser.

关 键 词：英国东印度公司 荷兰东印度公司 德川幕府 英日关系 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学] K313.36[历史地理—世界史] D856.1[政治法律—政治学] D831.3[政治法律—外交学]