论英国公共领域中威廉·亚当斯的形象流变  

A Discussion about the Evolution of William Adams's Image in the British Public Sphere

作　　者：孙晓斌 Sun Xiaobin

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《全球史评论》2022年第2期102-113,342,共13页Global History Review

摘　　要：威廉·亚当斯被认为是第一位到达了日本的英格兰人,他于1600年因意外漂流至日本,为德川家康所救并一直生活在日本直到去世。他的经历在日本广为人知,但他的形象在故乡英国的公共领域中却被埋没了两个半世纪。从18世纪到19世纪上半叶,他一直被视为荷兰水手和许多航海家中微不足道的一员。19世纪末日本崛起后,英国人首先将他视为一位成功的传奇航海家。直到20世纪初,他的形象才最终被英国人称为“与日本交流的第一人”和“传播西方文化的桥梁”。威廉·亚当斯200余年来形象的变化能够折射出英国的全球政策转变、英国公众领域价值观的演变,以及英国人是如何利用历史来构建现实的舆论导向的。William Adams is thought to be the first British man who arrived in Japan.He arrived in Japan by chance of an accident and saved by leyasu Tokugawa in 1600,and he had lived in Japan until his death.His experience has been well-known in Japan,but his image had been buried for two and a half centuries in the public sphere of his native country.From eighteenth century to the first half of nineteenth century,he had been regarded as a Dutch Sailor and an insignificant member of many navigators.After the rise of Japan in the late nineteenth century,the British first regarded him as a succesful legendary navigator.Until the early 20th century,his image was finally described by the British as“the first person to communicate with Japan”and“a bridge to spread westem culture”.The changes in the image of William Adams over the past 200 years in the British public sphere can reflect the changes in the British global policy,the values of the British public sphere,and how the British people used history to build a realistic guidance of public opinion.

关 键 词：英日关系 威廉·亚当斯 公共领域 航海家 

分 类 号：D856.1[政治法律—政治学] D831.3[政治法律—外交学]