青海高原地区有机肥替代对青稞产量、养分吸收量和土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer replacement on the yield, nutrient absorption and soil fertility of Hordeum vulgare in Qinghai plateau

作　　者：乔丙颖 胥婷婷[1] 张洋[1] 史立东 侯万宏 张荣[1] QIAO Bingying;XU Tingting;ZHANG Yang;SHI Lidong;HOU Wanhong;ZHANG Rong(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Guinan Grassland Development Co.,Ltd.,Guinan 813100,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省贵南草业开发有限责任公司,青海贵南813100

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2022年第6期9-15,共7页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅项目(2019-NK-A11)

摘　　要：为探究有机肥替代部分化肥对青稞产量、养分吸收和土壤质量的影响,确定青海高原地区青稞最佳施肥模式,本研究采用单因素随机区组田间试验,设置不施肥(CF0)、常规施肥(CF100)和有机肥替代化肥20%、40%、60%、80%、100%7个处理,分析不同施肥处理下青稞产量、养分吸收量和土壤理化性质等指标的变化。结果表明:与CF100相比,CF80+M20保持稳产且青稞穗粒数和千粒重显著增加3.21%和5.01%。在等养分投入条件下,各处理的青稞总氮素吸收量差异不显著,总磷钾吸收量和籽粒氮磷钾吸收量随有机肥替代化肥比例增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势,CF40+M60处理的籽粒氮素吸收量较CF100处理显著提高15.28%。CF80+M20处理的土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量最高,对土壤养分的提升效果最佳。CF80+M20处理的土壤碱性磷酸酶活性较CF100处理显著提升9.07%。综合来看,在有机肥替代化肥20%的模式下,青稞较常规施肥保持稳产,并显著提高了青稞穗粒数、千粒重和土壤碱性磷酸酶活性。A single-factor random field experiment is conducted to explore the effects of replacing part of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the yield, nutrient absorption and soil quality of Hordeum vulgare,and to determine the best fertilization mode of Hordeum vulgare in Qinghai plateau.There are seven treatments in the study, including no fertilization(CF0),conventional fertilization(CF100)and replacing 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100% chemical fertilizer nutrients with organic fertilizer on the basis of conventional fertilization.The variations of the yield, nutrient absorption and soil physical and chemical properties of Hordeum vulgare under different fertilization treatments are analyzed.The results show that compared with CF100,CF80+M20 treatment maintains stable yield.In addition, the grain number per spike and 1 000 grain weight increase significantly by 3.21% and 5.01%.There is no significant difference in the total nitrogen absorption of Hordeum vulgare under the same nutrient input.The total phosphorus and potassium and grain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increase first and then decrease with the increase of proportion of organic substitution fertilizer.The grain nitrogen absorption of CF40+M60 treatment is 15.28% higher than that of CF100 treatment.The content of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and rapid available potassium in CF80+M20 treatment is the highest with the best effects of improving soil nutrients.The soil alkaline phosphatase activity of CF80 + M20 treatment is significantly increased by 9.07% compared with that of CF100 treatment.To sum up, Hordeum vulgare can maintain stable yield and significantly improve grain number per spike, 1 000 grain weight and soil alkaline phosphatase activity compared with conventional fertilization under the condition that organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer by 20%.

关 键 词：有机肥替代 青稞 养分吸收 土壤养分 酶活性 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]