由礼乐到礼法——宋初理学转向中的张载礼法思想  

From “Liyue” to “Lifa”:Zhang Zai’s Thought of Lifa in The Turn of Neo-Confucianism in Early Song Dynasty

作　　者：张学炳 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学文学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2021年第2期26-34,共9页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：作为北宋五子之一,张载在对抗佛老,重建儒家价值体系中,通过规范祭祀之礼、设计宗子之法、提倡井田制度,建构了其礼法体系,奠定了理学基础。张载一方面重新确立丧葬祭祖的礼仪程式和宗子之法的封建秩序,另一方面倡导恢复作为经济基础的井田制。其中,宗子之法是关键环节,井田制度是根本保证,祭祀之礼是仪节表征。由上述三者相辅相成所构筑的张载的礼论中,"礼"从外在方面突出强化教化功利目的,变为"法";从内在方面褪去情感色彩变为"理","法"与"理"成为"礼"的两面。三纲五常的伦理规范成为扼杀人的感性自然欲求的刚性法度,礼法体制取代了礼乐文化的古老传统。As one of"The Five Scholars"of the Northern Song Dynasty,in fighting against Buddhism and rebuilding the Confucian value system,Zhang Zai established the system of"Li"(etiquette)and"Fa"(laws),laid the foundation of Neo-Confucianism,by standardizing the ritual of sacrifice,designing the law of the patriarch and advocating the square-fields system.On the one hand,Zhang Zai re-established the ritual procedure of funeral in ancestor worship and the feudal order of patriarchal clan law;on the other hand,he advocated the restoration of the well field system as the economic basis.Among them,the law of the patriarch is the key link,the square-fields system is the fundamental guarantee,and the ritual of sacrifice is the symbol of ritual.In Zhang Zai’s theory of"Li"(etiquette),which is constructed by the above three elements complementing each other,"Li"from the external aspect highlights and strengthens the utilitarian purpose of education,and becomes"Fa"(laws);from the inner aspect,emotional color is removed and becomes"reason"."Law"and"reason"become the two sides of"Li"(etiquette).The ethical norms of"San Gang Wu Chang"(Three Keylines and Five Criteriain)have become the rigid laws that stifle people’s emotional and natural desires,and the system of"Li"and"Fa"has replaced the ancient traditions of ritual and music culture.

关 键 词：张载 礼法 礼乐 理学 

分 类 号：B244.4[哲学宗教—中国哲学]