历史制度主义视角下基础教育援藏政策的变迁  

Change of Basic Education Support Policy to TAR from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

作　　者：陈婷 谢升梅 江长州 CHEN Ting;XIE Sheng-mei;JIANG Chang-zhou(Center for Basic Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Research Institute of Educational Sciences,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430074;Tibet Autonomous Region Audio-visual Education Museum,Lhasa,TAR 850000)

机构地区：[1]西南大学基础教育研究中心,重庆400715 [2]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,湖北武汉430074 [3]西藏自治区电化教育馆,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2023年第1期88-95,共8页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学一般课题“藏族学生数学学习行为投入测评模型构建及应用研究”(项目编号:BMA220221)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：基础教育援藏政策在援藏战略中发挥着基础性作用,肩负着推进西藏跨越式发展和铸牢中华民族共同体意识的双重使命。基于历史制度主义分析框架分析发现,基础教育援藏政策在变迁历程上经历了探索、初步构建、逐步健全、长效化以及精准化发展五个典型阶段,最终形成具有中国特色的基础教育援藏政策体系;在变迁路径上,基础教育援藏政策呈现从路径依赖到路径突破的特征,前者由学习效应、适应性期望、协同效应和退出成本增长所致,后者表现为由“输血式”到“造血式”的援藏理念转换以及由“大水漫灌式”到“精准滴灌式”的援藏模式转向;在动力机制上,宏观社会结构决定基础教育援藏政策走向,中观制度环境影响基础教育援藏政策实践进路,微观行动者推动基础教育援藏政策变迁。展望未来,需要健全基础教育援藏政策体系,促进西藏基础教育高质量发展。The policy of basic education plays a fundamental role in the strategy of providing support for TAR,and shoulders the dual mission of promoting the great-leap-forward development of TAR and solidifying the sense of community of the Chinese nation.Based on the analysis of historical institutionalism,the research finds that the policy of basic education support to TAR has gone through five typical stages of exploration,preliminary construction,gradual improvement,long-term effect and precise development in the course of change,and finally formed up the policy system of basic education support to TAR with Chinese characteristics.In the path of change,the policy of basic education support to TAR demonstrates the characteristics from path dependence to path breakthrough.The former is caused by the increase of learning effect,adaptive expectation,synergistic effect and exit cost,while the latter demonstrates the transformation of the support concept from“blood transfusion”to“hematopoietic”and the supporting mode from“flood irrigation”to“precise drip irrigation”.In terms of dynamic mechanism,the macro-level social structure determines the direction of basic education support TAR policy,the medium-level institutional environment influences the practice path of basic education support to TAR policy,and the micro-level actors promote the change of basic education support to TAR policy.Looking ahead,it is necessary to improve the policy system of basic education support to TAR and promote high-quality development of basic education in TAR.

关 键 词：历史制度主义 基础教育援藏政策 路径特征 动力机制 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学] G40-011.8