评德里达的《马克思的幽灵》  

On Derrida's Specters of Marx

作　　者：陆扬[1] Yang LU(Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系

出　　处：《马克思主义美学研究》2022年第2期172-183,470-471,共14页Research on Marxist Aesthetics

基　　金：复旦大学“当代马克思主义文化理论研究”课题中期成果

摘　　要：德里达写《马克思的幽灵》缘起是1993年他在美国《马克思主义去向何方?》研讨会上的同题报告。研讨会系针对弗朗西斯·福山鼓吹资本主义全球胜利的“历史终结论”举办,会议其他论文结集《马克思主义去向何方?国际视界中的全球危机》,于次年跟《马克思的幽灵》英译本同时由劳特里奇出版社出版。其中道格拉斯·凯尔纳认为马克思主义过时论不是什么新鲜观点,马克思主义跟它的对手资本主义一样,在20世纪里危机不断,故马克思主义理论的阐释应与时俱进。德里达声明他谈幽灵,是以正义的名义,来谈幽灵的继承和生成,认为马克思对莎士比亚的热爱虽然人所皆知,但《共产党宣言》开篇就召唤幽灵,由此引出《哈姆雷特》的互文,在学界史无前例。假如认可德里达本人宣称解构就是正义的命题,他的幽灵论马克思主义可视为以文学解构哲学、以哈姆雷特解构马克思的典范。故引来伊格尔顿等人的激烈批评,是在情理之中。Derrida's Specters of Marx was the opening lecture on the conference“Wither Marxism?”in 1993 at University of California at Riverside.The event was held in the wake of Francis Fukuyama's claim that the end of history came true.Its English translation published in the following year together with the symposium papers Wither Marxism?Global Crises in International Perspective by Routledge.Among the authors,Douglas Kellner indicated that the theory that Marxism was outdated was anything but new.Marxism,like its rival,capitalism,had been in constant crisis in the 20th century.Therefore,the interpretation of Marxist theory should keep pace with the times.Derrida declared that his talking of specter is in the name of justice and based upon the inheritance and generation of ghosts.Marx deeply loved Shakespeare,yet it is unprecedented that The Communist Manifesto called for specter at the very beginning,and led to an intertextual reading of Hamlet further.If Derrida's proposition that deconstruction is justice is acknowledged,his specter Marxism can be regarded as a paradigm that deconstructed philosophy with literature and Marx with Hamlet.It is reasonable then that it draws attacks from Terry Eagleton and other Marxists.

关 键 词：德里达 幽灵 马克思主义 共产党宣言 伊格尔顿 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]