简论理学美学三大流派的独特贡献  

The Unique Contribution of the Three Schools of Neo Confucianism Aesthetics

作　　者：章辉 Hui ZHANG(Southwest Medical University)

机构地区：[1]西南医科大学人文教研部

出　　处：《马克思主义美学研究》2022年第1期275-287,373,共14页Research on Marxist Aesthetics

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“宋明理学与中国美学话语体系建构研究”(20&ZD048)阶段性成果

摘　　要：宋明理学美学三大流派各有其特色与独到贡献。程朱一派首次构建美的超验本体,使“理”“理趣”成为美学范畴,推重“居敬”“穷理”的工夫,善于发挥六艺教化的美育功能,以“大公”“圆”“敬畏”为境界,其形上旨趣对现当代美学话语仍具影响。气学一派以“气”为美学本体,以“气化”为审美生成过程,重“氤氲”形态,倡导内外/主客并重的工夫(“大心”与“变化气质”),追求“太和”“民胞物与”之境界,开生命美学、生态美学之先河。心学一派以“心”“身”为本,将“良知”“性灵”纳入美学范畴,其心上工夫强调缘机体认与直觉领悟,呈现“洒落”“乐”“狂者胸次”之境界,由此促成了中国美学话语在关系论、价值论、情感论、个性论等多方面的理论突破,并为现代美育转向提供了学理基础。The three aesthetics schools of Neo Confucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties have all made their unique contributions respectively.The aesthetics school of Chen Zhu as noumenon constructs the metaphysical noumenon of beauty for the first time.They make“Li”(Heavenly Principle)and“Liqu”(taste of Li)the category of aesthetics and emphasize the ways of“respecting others”and“exploring the law”,giving full play to the aesthetic education function of the Six Arts education.They pursue the aesthetic ideal of“Dagong”(selflessness),“Yuan”(circle)and“Reverence”.All of these metaphysical pursuits still have influences on contemporary aesthetics.The aesthetics school with Qi as noumenon takes“Qi”as aesthetic object and they take“Qihua”as aesthetic process and pay attention on the aesthetic form“Yinyun”.They advocate methods that are both inside/outside and subject/object,aiming at the aesthetic ideal of“Taihe”(grand harmony)and“people are my brothers and all things are my kinds”,which create a precedent of Life Aesthetics and Ecological Aesthetics.The aesthetic school of Xin regards“Mind”and“Body”as noumenon and they see“Conscience”and“Soul”as the category of aesthetics.Their ways of mind emphasize current recognition and intuitive understanding,which represent the realm of“Free and easy”,“Happiness”and“Ambitious and enterprising mind”.By this way,this school makes a theoretical breakthrough in relation theory,value theory,emotion theory and artistic personality theory of Chinese aesthetic discourse,and it provides a theoretical basis for the turn of modem aesthetic education.

关 键 词：理学美学 美学流派 本体-工夫-境界 

分 类 号：B83-06[哲学宗教—美学]