毛泽东“马克思主义中国化”前史考略  

A Brief History of Mao Ze-dong Thought Prior to His Localizing Marxism

作　　者：黄力之[1] Huang Li-zhi

机构地区：[1]中共上海市委党校马克思主义学院

出　　处：《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2020年第8期62-71,108,共11页Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories

摘　　要：毛泽东投身革命后,初期尽管还没有马克思主义中国化的理念,但他能够从实际出发,而不是依据马克思主义经典著作的论断来思考问题。1930年《反对本本主义》及1936年《中国革命战争的战略问题》是毛泽东走向理论自觉的重要里程碑。其中,毛泽东形成了两点理论认识:第一,马克思主义是中国革命的指南,但如果直接运用其原理来指导中国革命,很可能发生挫折和失败;第二,之所以不能直接运用马克思主义原理来指导中国革命,是因为马克思主义经典文本产生于工业革命的欧洲,而中国是一个落后的农业国,有自己的国情。在此基础上,毛泽东最终完成了马克思主义中国化的构建。Mao Ze-dong was able to think in practical terms rather than on the basis of the assertions of the classical Marxist writings,although he has yet conceived the idea of localizing Marxism in China at the early stage after he plunged into the revolution.Combat Book Worship in 1930 and The Strategic Issues of the Chinese Revolutionary War in 1936 were important milestones in Mao’s move towards theoretical self-consciousness.In the books,Mao formed two theoretical understandings:first,Marxism was the guide to the Chinese revolution,but setbacks and failures were likely to occur if its principles were applied directly to guide the Chinese revolution;second,the reason why Marxist principles could not be applied directly to guide the Chinese revolution lies in that the classic Marxist texts were fulfilled in Europe where the industrial revolution had been completed,while China was a backward agricultural country with its own national conditions.On this basis,Mao Ze-dong finally completed the localization of Marxism in China.

关 键 词：毛泽东 马克思主义中国化 《反对本本主义》 《中国革命战争的战略问题》 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] A84[政治法律—中外政治制度]