批判理论:从卢卡奇到法兰克福学派  

A Critical Theory Theory:From Lukács to Frankfurt School

作　　者：仰海峰[1] Yang Haifeng

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《思想理论战线》2022年第1期108-117,139,共11页Front of Thought and Theory

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“国外马克思主义哲学重大基础理论问题研究”(16JZD003);国家社科基金重点项目“国外马克思主义哲学基础理论问题研究”(16AZX002)

摘　　要：在从卢卡奇到法兰克福学派的理论进展中,马克思的批判理论得到了新的展开。卢卡奇从资本主义社会变迁中,看到了物化结构的形成以及这一结构对人的活动与心理、意识的影响,形成了系统的物化批判理论。早期法兰克福学派以批判理论为研究纲领,在哲学层面批判实证主义与形而上学,在社会生活层面结合精神分析学等思潮,批判法西斯主义。在进入美国后,进一步发展了批判理论,以工具理性批判展开了对西方文化根基的反思。这种激进化的批判,一方面推进了批判理论的发展,另一方面,也使这一理论面临着自身难以解决的问题,这也是当代批判理论发展中需要面对的问题。In the theoretical development from Lukács to the Frankfurt School,Marx’s critical theory was expanded.From the changes of capitalist society,Lukács saw the formation of materialized structure and the influence of this structure on human activities,psychological consciousness,thus shaping a systematicmaterialized critical theory.The early Frankfurt School used critical theory as its research program,criticized positivism and metaphysics at the philosophical level,and criticized fascismat the level of social lifecombined with psychoanalysis and other trends of thought.After entering the United States,he further developed the critical theory,and launched a reflection on the foundation of Western culture with an instrumental rational critique.This kind of radicalized criticism has promoted the development of critical theory on the one hand,and on the other,it has also caused this theory to faceproblems that are difficult to solve by itself.This is also a problem that needs to be faced in the development of contemporary critical theory.

关 键 词：拜物教 批判理论 物化 工具理性批判 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]