古代朝鲜王朝天文学考试初探  

Preliminary Study on the Astronomy Examination in the Joseon Dynasty

作　　者：周参 ZHOU Can

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学 [2]中国科学院自然科学史研究所

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2023年第6期98-113,共16页Science & Culture Review

摘　　要：相比于中国钦天监以世袭、推荐、内部考选和临时征召多种手段综合应用的人才选拔方式,朝鲜王朝的观象监主要依靠政府统一举行的阴阳科考试与内部自主举行的取才试两种考试来选拔技术官僚,考试制度仍处于传统科举制度的整体框架之下,但也具有一定的特殊性,考试内容则随着中朝天文学交流的不断深入,发生过多次整体性的变动。从观象监的天文学考试中可以看出,观象监对中国天文学知识进行了积极主动的消化和吸收,并以这些知识为中心,建立起了一套比较完善的人才选拔体系,这启示我们应当更加全面地审视考试在古代科技发展中的作用。Compared to the talent selection methods of the Chinese Celestial Observatory,which integrated various means such as heredity,recommendation,internal examination,and temporary recruitment,the Gwansanggam of the Joseon Dynasty mainly relied on the government-held Yin-Yang examinations and the internal independent talent selection tests to select technical officials.The examination system fell within the overall framework of the traditional imperial examination system,but also possessed certain unique features.The content of the examinations underwent several comprehensive changes as a result of the deepening exchanges between China and Korea in the field of astronomy.From the astronomy exams conducted by the Gwansanggam,it is evident that the Gwansanggam proactively digested and absorbed knowledge from Chinese astronomy,and using this knowledge as a core,established a relatively comprehensive talent selection system.This suggests that we should more fully examine the role of examinations in the development of ancient science and technology.

关 键 词：天文学考试 中朝交流 观象监 人才选拔 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1-09[天文地球—天文学]