从星土分野到星官体系 汉代星占地理视角下王朝空间秩序的建构  

From Field Allocation to the Celestial Office System The construction of the dynastic spatial order of the Han Dynasty in the perspective of the astrological geography

作　　者：鲁博林 LU Bolin

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《科学文化评论》2023年第4期107-119,共13页Science & Culture Review

摘　　要：中国古代星占早在先秦时代便产生了以天区与地域相对应的星占地理学,即星土分野。汉代星占在继承分野学说的同时,依照新的现实秩序与政治理想加以改造,建构出更加适配大一统王朝的天地对应模式——星官体系。司马迁《天官书》最早对此加以系统的阐释。他改造了传统的分野以适应汉初的行政区划,将其融入星官体系,使天上之星象成为天下之王朝的镜像。由此,天上与天下共同构成了王朝自我展开的观念空间,并在两汉宇宙论与谶纬学的推动下同构演进,最终发展为更为完整的王朝空间秩序。对这一王朝空间秩序生成及演进的探讨,可超越传统王朝地理学的局限,为地理思想史研究提供新的视角,也可充当理解汉代天地关系和王朝空间结构的重要支点。In the Pre-Qin period,there already existed a kind of astrological geography know as the field allocation.Astrologers in the Han Dynasty tried to reform it based on their political realities,but finally turned to a correspondence pattern more suitable for the unified empire,which is called the Celestial Office System.Sima Qian provided its earliest systematic demonstration.On one hand,he reformed the traditional field allocation according to the administrative divisions of the early Han Dynasty;on the other hand,he integrated it into the Celestial Office System,turning celestial fields into a reflection of the imperial order.As a result,the heaven and the earth constituted the conceptual space in which imperial order unfolded itself.Later,the influence of correlative cosmology and divination practices led to a unified space in which both the heaven and the earth share the same structure.In the end a mature spatial representation of the dynastic order emerged in astrology.Investigation on the emergence and evolution of this spatial order goes beyond the range of traditional histories of geography,and provides an important perspective for understanding the celestial-terrestrial relationship and the ideas of space in ancient China.

关 键 词：星土分野 占星学 地理学 星占地理 王朝空间秩序 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] P1-09[天文地球—天文学]